Early years in the uk context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Early years in the uk context - Essay Example care provider for one’s own children seems to be a complicated decision for anyone who understands the importance of wellbeing of children in their early years. The article seems to be divided into two sections. The first section deals with the comparisons being drawn between the ways in which middle and working class parents engage with child care in exploring their interactions with local markets. The second half of the article deals with working class parents’ choices of schools; it illustrates the importance of local connections for parents in their identification of a primary school. Both the researches are located in the inner areas of London where middle and working class was easily found. First a population was selected on which research was carried out. The families chosen were middle and working class families who had primary school going children; the primary focus was the second project that was the identification of engagement of working- class families with childcare. Interviews with the parents were used for the data collection. Interviews were taken, recorded, transcribed and then analyzed respectively. In all the cases the parents were given the choices of setting whether it was their workplace or home. The data collected was analyzed in two ways. Firstly through Nnivo, for data management and search purposes and secondly through hand-coding to identify and examine key themes and issues. Drawing out on the research data, this study shows that families of different positions comprehend and practice child care markets in very different ways. In London, the child care Affordability Programme offers subsidy in a form of help to the lower- income parents in order to assist them to access chilcare. During the research many of the working- class respondents commented that the tax in the form of subsidy was making it financially worth to return to the work. The research made it analyze that the financial resources was an expected difference

The Physiology of the Nervous System Research Paper

The Physiology of the Nervous System - Research Paper Example The central nervous system is divided into two sections: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is composed of the Brain and the spinal cord. This system controls behavior of a person. All body sensations are transmitted to the central nervous system in order to be interpreted and acted upon (Chiras 34). All nerve impulses that stimulate muscles to contract and the glands to secret substances get all their instructions or messages from the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system on the other hand is composed of a network of nerves. This is the systems pathway to the brain for all the five senses and helps human beings I adjusting to the world around them (Givens and Reiss 55). The brain is the central organ of the nervous system in all vertebrates. It is a complex organ whose functioning is essential to the survival of any animal. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brain stem and the diencephalon or the forebrain stem. The brain is composed of two matters, the gray matter which the active part of the brain that receives and stores impulses and the white matter that carries impulses from and to the gray matter. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres each with four lobes namely frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe (Glees 42). These are responsible for various functions such as hearing vision, speech, judgment etc. The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining equilibrium, receipt of relayed tactile, auditory and visual input and fine motor coordination. The mid brain provides conduction pathways and provides a center for righting, postural and audio visual reflexes. The brain stem also called Medu lla oblongata is the center for regulation of vital centers that include respiration, heartbeat and basomotor activators. The diencephalon consists of the thalamus responsible for arousal and conscious recognition of crude sensations such as temperature and pain and the hypothalamus responsible for many functions such as monitoring chemical composition of blood, control of hormone secretion, control of sleep and appetite (Glees 45). The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure that extends from the foramen magnum through the spinal foramina of the vertebral column to the upper portion of the lumber region. It houses both the motor and the sensory nerves. Basically the spinal cord is an extension of the brain that runs down the back protected by the vertebral column. It is surrounded by a fluid called the cerebrospinal fluid to protect the nerve tissues against injury.it is also protected by the meninges, a layer of three membranes, that guard it and the brain from bacteria. It is comp osed of millions of nerve fibers that transmit information to all body parts (Swan 55). The peripheral nervous system is composed of the nerves that connect the central nervous system to other remote parts of the body. It is divided into the cerebrospinal nervous system: which consists of cranial nerves that perform different functions ranging from sensing to controlling movements. The autonomic nervous system which regulates actions of secretory activity of glands and the involuntary contraction of smooth muscles in blood vessels, skin heart etc. it operates without conscious control. It is composed of the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system. The spinal nerves carry impulses between the spinal cord, skin muscles and other structures. They are 31 in total (Givens and

Assessment of the Red Bull Business Plan

Assessment of the Red Bull Business Plan Red Bull is an adaptation of the Thai energy drink Krating Daeng, which means Red Bull. The company was founded by Thai national Chaleo Yoovidhya and Austrian national Dietrich Mateschitz. Together with his son, Chaleo owns a controlling 51 percent interest in the company; however, Mateschitz is responsible for the companys operations through the Austrian company Red Bull GmbH.[1] 1.1 Product Red Bull is a sweet, caffeinated drink aimed to give consumers the high energy kick. Available only in rather expensive 250ml cans, 350ml bottles, with 4 packs and only two flavours (original or sugar-free). It contains caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, and B vitamins. Founded in 1984 by Austrian businessman Dietrich Mateschitz, Red Bull has become the worlds leading energy drink, a staple in many young, and active peoples lives. 1.2 Competitors Big global companies such as Coca Cola and Pepsi have introduced their own energy drink versions to their product base. Mother (by Coca Cola), Amp (Pepsi), V, Battery, 180, RedEye and Bennu being just some in the ever-growing energy drink market. Competition also presents itself in original sports drinks, such as Gatorade (Pepsi) and Powerade (Coca Cola). Furthermore, premixed alcoholic drinks like the Smirnoff range form part of the competition. 1.3 Industry Red Bull has becoming hugely successful and operates within the global soft drink marketplace. Within the soft drink industry its niche is the energy drink market, of which Mateschitz was largely responsible for creating. Red Bull currently is the leading energy drink across the entire globe. It holds 70% of the market worldwide (Gschwandtner, 2004). Once the drink was passed by health ministries, Red Bull entered the Austrian market, soon thereafter then moved into Germany, United Kingdom and the USA by 1997. 2. Needs, Wants and Demands satisfied by Red Bull 2.1 Needs There are three basic human needs that Red Bull satisfies, physical, social and individual needs. Human needs are states of felt deprivationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ marketers do not invent these needs; they are a basic part of human makeupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦People in industrial societies might try to find or develop objects that will satisfy their needs. (Kotler et al. 2006) Firstly, a physical need is when 4.1. Recommendations For Red Bull To Sustain Their Marketing Momentum The marketing strategy of Red Bull can be considered as one of the most successful one over the years. Red Bull has been famous for building a beverage brand without relying on mass-media. The central component in all marketing activities of Red Bull was Word- of mouth. Besides, Red Bull also created adult cartoon advertisement, pushed trial programme, invented an extensive network of events, sponsored leading athletes of extreme sports and branded refrigerated sales units to complete their marketing strategy. However, in order to sustain the marketing success, besides their traditional marketing campaign, we think that Red Bull need to take the following actions: Ø Boosting mass-marketing campaign to embed the image of Red Bull an energy drink- in customers minds: in the current harsh competition market, where multiple brands of energy drinks are available, it is hard for Red Bull to keep their position as the first choice in customers minds when they need an energy drink if customers do not have chance to see the image of Red Bull regularly. Therefore, now it is the time for them to use other tools like billboards, banner ads or posters at the public places to maximize contact with customers. Ø Increasing advertising on the internet: as the internet is so popular now and more and more people spend much of their time surfing the internet, Red Bull also needs to popularise their brand through some activities on the internet like creating some extreme games online and advertising on appropriate websites which are quite familiar with students and business people in different countries. Ø Diversifying their products: Red Bull should show their innovation to customers to freshen the image as well as to create entry barriers against other competitors through product diversification. They can introduce new kinds of drink with more vitamin plus or more flavours but they have to make sure that the new kinds are also energy drinks to maintain the Red Bull Equity Red Bull Brand Equity According to Keller (2008, p 53), brand equity is the strong, favorable and unique brand associations in the memory of customers. He goes on to identify (p 54) two sources of brand equity: 1.) Brand Awareness; and 2.) Brand Image. Red Bull has well defined tactics for both sources. The Brand Awareness Source for Red Bull Brand Equity Keller (p 54) notes the key elements of Brand Awareness: 1.) Recognition; and 2.) Recall. He postulates that if buy decisions are made at the point of purchase, then brand name, logo, packaging and the other elements of brand recognition are important factors. If the buy decision is made before arriving at the point of purchase, then brand recall is centrally important. Duncan (2005, p 140) concludes that low-involvement purchase is usually done for products that are relatively cheap, bought frequently, and are low risk. In such cases, in addition to traditional advertising with its reach and frequency drills, it would be productive to spend time getting the name, logo and packaging correct. Red Bull did just this. The Pearson Case Study 4 (2006, p 70) describes how Red Bull selected a distinctive, slim can. They also created a prominent and eye-catching logo of two bulls and a yellow sun. Package wording effectively communicates the products benefits: Energy Drink. The packaging is an important part of the branding, as we might expect for a low-involvement product. Pearson Case Study 4 goes on (p 70) to note that changing the carefully selected package elements, in Germany substituting a glass bottle for the slim can, resulted in a dramatic drop off in sales. To increase brand recall, Keller (p 55) advises that a slogan or a jingle can establish the memory linkages that improve recall. Pearson Case Study 4 (p 69) relates that Red Bull developed an effective slogan, Red Bull gives you wiiings. They use little advertising but when they do it consistes of unusual animated shorts that end with the Case 2 Red Bull Red Bull, using unconventional marketing tactics, has uniquely positioned itself in the beverage industry. Red Bulls unique positioning has allowed it to capture a considerable amount of the energy beverage market share in the countries it is distributed in. Although the companys financial information is not released to the public, it appears Red Bulls marketing strategies have been successful in terms of market share, revenue, and units sold. While I personally think overall the tactics will prove successful for years to come, the same mysterious quality surrounding the drink that has proven successful currently likewise has the potential to erode the brands equity in the future. Unique positioning strategies targeting high-school burnouts and college students, nightclubbers, and athletes have built the brands equity. Grassroots marketing campaigns emphasize the drinks image as being a cool and trendy drink for cool and trendy young adults. Word of mouth and an intentionally vague strategy have made the brand mysterious. By not emphasizing what the company itself feels are the products strengths, it allows consumers to decide for themselves, as well as facilitates the emergence of rumors, some quite outlandish, adding to the drinks perceived value and increasing the brands equity. Red Bull does not have a passive hand, however, in the marketing of its energy drink. The company provides college students free drinks to give away at parties and owns sports teams and events. All of these branding events, unconventional as they are, align well with the products perceived unconventionality, and are strong elements of the brands strong equity, many of the tactics, including those contributing to the lack of public information concerning the company and the Red Bull drink, also provide the potential to erode the brands equity. Health officials have concerns over its ingredients and it has not been approved for sale in Canada or France. It has been linked to a number of deaths and it appears particularly dangerous when mixed with alcohol. The company also has created untrue documentaries. As Bob Walker states in his article Observer Bull Marketing, Red Bull has never let the truth get in the way of its brand message. As more and more consumers are becoming health conscious consuming less carbohydrates and sugars, seeking out organic foods, and being weary of what they put in there bodies, they will be less likely to drink Red Bull, especially with the uncertainty regarding the effects of its ingredients. I have never had a Red Bull and would not put something made of ingredients of uncertain effects in my body. Further, although the company contends it does not market Red Bull in bars or for use in conjunction with alcohol, many bars carry Red Bull and the majority of Red Bulls college-aged consumers drink it in conjunction with alcohol, particularly with vodka, an obvious dangerous mix, as Red Bull is an upper and alcohol is a depressant. Although I may not be representative of the majority of consumers, the companys somewhat deficient corporate ethics make me cautious of trusting the brand and wanting to try its drink. As the number of reported deaths increase and speculation over its potentia lly harmful health effects grows, brand equity will likely erode. While one might argue these factors serve to further contribute to the brands mystique and therefore increase equity, over time I think lack of public information and an increase in negative publicity will erode the brands equity. The fact that France and Canada have not approved Red Bull for sale in their countries is indicative of a less than inconsequential health issue surrounding the drink and the lack of ability of the company to reach these markets prevents the company from building brand equity in these locations, no matter how well marketed the product may be.

The Determinants Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay

Diabetess affects over 3 million grownups in Australia alone-of which 90 % is type 2 ( Baricevic, 2007 ) non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM-for the interest of this essay diabetes is mentioning to type 2 NIDDM ) . There are legion biological and socioeconomic determiners of the disease which has developed into Australia ‘s fastest turning chronic disease. Whilst it is â€Å" frequently considered a lifestyle disease ( Scobie & A ; Samaras, 2009 ) † this is a common misinterpretation with many other lending factors such as genetic sciences, the environment and economic fortunes. Whilst much research has gone into the management/treatment of diabetes, work on turn toing the ‘upstream ‘ determiners has begun. Physical therapists play a critical function in the bar and intervention of the status with them frequently ordering exercising plans for diabetic patients. Diabetess consequences from a sum or partial insulin lack, ensuing in hypoglycemia. This lack prevents glucose motion between the blood and cells, making a build-up of glucose in the blood stream. As a consequence of the hypoglycemia, several key symptoms are present including bleary vision ; increased mending times ; unexplained weight addition ; increased passing of piss ; aridity ; fatigue and giddiness. In 2010 diabetes accounted for 6.6 % of Australia ‘s entire loads of disease and has been identified as one of the eight national wellness precedences ( AIHW, 2010 ) .Section 1Hamdy, Goodyear, & A ; Horton ( 2004 ) contend that there are three cardinal lending factors to the oncoming of diabetes. These include familial sensitivity, decreased insulin action and a defect in the pancreatic I? cell. However the most well-known biological and behavioral determiners of the status relate to fleshiness with the comparative hazard being 1.8 for an fleshy individual and a astonishing 3.2 for corpulent people ( Marks, Coyne, & A ; Pang, 2001 ) . Weight related determiners include fleshiness ( morbid and centrist ) , sedentary life style, hapless diet and low degrees of physical activity ( Ramlo-Halsted & A ; Edelman, 1999 ) . Hamdy, Goodyear & A ; Horton ( 2004 ) suggest the primary ground for such social alterations taking to the dramatic rises in the rates of both fleshiness and more so diabetes is urbanisation. They suggest that the recent global urbanization and increase in engineering has created a society where traditional incidental signifiers of exercising have been alleviated in favor of engineering and the progresss that it has facilitated. Cultural groups have peculiarly been affected by these alterations with their traditional signifiers of life transformed as they excessiv ely are impacted by globalization. An illustration of such a group in Australia is the Autochthonal Australians. As with about all countries of wellness, they are badly over represented in the per centum enduring from diabetes. __________ Other factors lending to the oncoming of the disease include older age,Section 2Despite these factors being good documented as some of the primary causes of diabetes, Scobie & A ; Samaras ( 2009 ) argue that these factors accelerate the oncoming instead than being the primary cause. -biological/behavioural determiners of wellness Age Familial background-parental history -groups at peculiar hazard: Aged Peoples with a household history Certain cultural groups ( eg Aboriginal Australians ) Low SESSection 2 ( associate back in with single determiners )– † Factors such as poorness, hapless instruction, societal exclusion, unemployment and deficiency of or hapless quality lodging all contribute to wellness inequalities. † -socioeconomic determiners of wellness Policyi? PA degrees in schools, NPAG, instruction Communityi? entree to parks/paths Environmentali? safety, entree to fresh nutrient Societali? urbanization and increase in engineering = down incidental exercising Economici? employment/occupation, income, wealthSection 3Traditionally intervention of diabetes has focused on the ‘downstream ‘ factors, with the focal point being at an single degree. Exercise and weight loss are cardinal facets of the intervention, given that ________ . Exercise entirely leads to a important betterment in insulin sensitiveness ( Misra, et al. , 2008 ) . In line with the National Physical Activity Guidelines ( Department of Health and Ageing, 2010 ) , it is recommended that persons take part in at least 30 min of walking 5 yearss per hebdomad. The guidelines highlight four key points for all grownups sing physical activity, with these being peculiarly of import for people with diabetes. They are: Think of motion as an chance, non an incommodiousness Be active every twenty-four hours in every bit many ways as you can Put together at least 30 proceedingss of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, sooner all, yearss If you can, besides bask some regular, vigorous activity for excess wellness and fittingness ( Department of Health and Ageing, 2010 ) In concurrence with exercising, a healthy diet is indispensable for the effectual intervention of diabetes ( DA Victoria, 2002 ) . This has been proven to hold the individual greatest natural impact on blood glucose degrees ; every bit good as helping weight loss and diminishing insulin opposition. Foods should non be limited to low GI, with a diet focussed on high protein ( such as fish and low fat dairy ) ; high saccharides ( such as pasta, staff of life and fruit ) and low saturated fat/sugar ( Baricevic, 2007 ) . The AIHW ( 2010 ) suggests that the most appropriate method of intervention is ab initio through diet and exercising, come oning merely subsequently to medicine. Diabetes medicine chiefly acts to assist modulate the blood glucose degrees. Given that with this status insulin is unable to efficaciously map, it becomes of import to hold a manner to modulate blood sugar. The normal scope is 3.5-6 mmol/L prior to repasts and 3.5-8mmol/L straight afterwards ( DA Victoria, 2002 ) . Glucose direction is really of import to maintain the hazard of cardiovascular disease down, and without ordinance the individual may endure from hypo/hyperglycemia. That said, Ramlo-Halsted & A ; Edelman ( 1999 ) point out that the â€Å" optimum regimen peculiarly for medicine will alter for each person as the status progresses. † There are two different options for medication-tablets or insulin injections. The tablets are taken orally and diminish the release of stored glucose in the liver, maintaining blood sugar degrees down. In contrast, insulin injections come in the signifier of a needle ( syringe ) or a pen and are used when the pancreas is unable to bring forth the needed sums of insulin ( Baricevic, 2007 ) . Diabetess, as with many wellness conditions, requires a multi-disciplinary squad for successful intervention and direction. Diabetes Management in General Practise ( 2009 ) describes the functions of at least eight different squad members in the intervention of diabetes. These include: General practician Exercise specializer ( normally a physical therapist ) Chiropodist Optometrist Oral wellness professional Diabetess educator ( nurses etc ) Dietician Endocrinologist/diabetologist Whilst non all of these wellness professionals will needfully be involved in every person ‘s intervention, the squad ‘s cooperation is critical for long-run intervention. To assist with single intervention of diabetes, the Australian Government has established the National Diabetes Services Scheme ( NDSS ) . The plan has in surplus of 900 000 registered people with diabetes and is go oning to turn. There are several cardinal elements of the strategy with subsidized merchandises and information every bit good as instruction. Through this plan, there are 2200 mercantile establishments which supply discounted merchandises for intervention to the registrants. Whilst intervention is really common, alongside it is an extended direction program. DA Victoria ( 2002 ) describes several facets to proper direction. Aside from being physically active and eating good as antecedently mentioned, it is preferred for a diabetic to associate up with a local support squad for aid, support and to keep a positive attitude. Additionally proving blood glucose on a regular basis and medicating suitably as prescribed is besides of import. Diabetes Management in General Practise ( 2009 ) besides emphasises the demand to discontinue smoke ( if applicable ) , have less than two standard drinks per twenty-four hours and guarantee BMI ( organic structure mass index ) in less than 25 to accomplish general well-being. Hawley & A ; Zierath ( 2008 ) besides outline the importance of understating the hazards and effects of complications. They province that this can be achieved through commanding glycaemia, blood force per unit area and lipid degrees ; in concurrence with regular wellness cheques ( concentrating on oculus, kidney and pes jobs ) .Section 4Prevention of diabetes is an absolute precedence particularly when over 60 % of type 2 instances are preventable. With diabetes being the 7th prima cause of decease in Australia ( AIHW, 2010 ) , there is no inquiry why the Australian Government has made the status a national wellness precedence. Harmonizing to Weeson ( 2000 ) , â€Å" upstream † intervention by primary wellness professionals should be the focal point of all attacks. These upstream factors include______________ . Simple stairss can easy assist prevent or detain the oncoming of diabetes ( Type 2 Diabetes, 2011 ) through implementing a healthy life style. Diabetes Australia encourages persons to keep a healthy weight, take part in regular physical activity, eat healthy nutrient, manage blood pressure/cholesterol and non smoke, to diminish the oncoming of the status ( Type 2 Diabetes, 2011 ) . There is a really strong nexus between physical activity and diabetes every bit antecedently mentioned, nevertheless it should benoted that engagement in a moderate or sooner alert walking regimen can diminish the incidence of diabetes by 30 % ( Jeon, Lokken, & A ; van Dam, 2007 ) . Furthermore Jeon, Lokken & A ; van Dam ( 2007 ) describe this strong relationship stating that there is besides a nexus between the sum of physical activity and the decrease of risk-an astonishing 58 % lessening in the incidence of prediabetes can be achieved through exercising antecedently stated. Zimmet ( 2000 ) emphasises that diabetes can non be stooped by traditional medical attacks. Given the graduated table and outrageousness of the issue, he contends that drastic socioeconomic and cultural position alterations are required to do advancement. Zimmet ( 2000 ) says that international diabetes and public wellness administration need to buttonhole and call up politicians and non-government bureaus. Through this, the issues doing the pandemic ( socioeconomic, behavioral, nutritionary and public wellness ) can be addressed. A multi-disciplinary undertaking force is suggested to help in the reversal of the socioeconomic issues, as Zimmet feels that persons entirely moving to alter will non do a large adequate difference ( Zimmet, 2000 ) . The National Evidence Based Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, & A ; O'Dea, 2009 ) depict four cardinal countries to making effectual preventive action for diabetes. These include: â€Å" Having a strong theoretic base for the plan † â€Å" Planing the plan with clear messages, integrating a many-sided attack to present these messages † â€Å" Encouraging household engagement † â€Å" Intensive and sustained run over a long continuance † The guidelines besides discuss the aspects within the broader community that should be targeted for bar of the status. One of the cardinal elements to efficaciously aiming the population is instruction ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, & A ; O'Dea, 2009 ) . Through media, the guidelines propose that the instruction can alter attitudes every bit good as degrees of cognition. This can hold a peculiarly profound impact on the short term addition in physical activity. This was seen in the ‘Life be in it'___________ In footings of bar for persons, the guidelines besides provided several points specifically aiming those in the hazard groups. The guidelines ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, & A ; O'Dea, 2009 ) specify persons at peculiar hazard as holding a mark greater than or equal to 15 on the AUSDRISK hazard appraisal tool. There are three degrees of action to forestall the oncoming of diabetes. Initially lifestyle alterations such as weight direction, come oning to pharmacological intercessions where necessary and in instances with terrible hazard bariatric surgery may be considered. Fostering the intervention dietetic considerations antecedently mentioned, in order to forestall diabetes sugar-sweetened drinks have been identified with fast nutrient as points that pose the largest menace of bring oning diabetes ( Hu, new wave Dam, & A ; Liu, 2001 ) . Fish oil and polyunsaturated fats have besides been proven to assist with the bar of the status. Other -conversion from high hazard to low hazard life style = moderate manner Physical therapists play a big function peculiarly in the intervention, but besides the bar of diabetes. Ozdirenc, Kocak & A ; Gutekin ( 2004 ) highlighted the importance of physical therapy in the accurate prescription of exercising. They suggested that any exercising prescribed in the involvement of diminishing complication with diabetes or forestalling it should be undertaken at 65-75 % of a individual ‘s VOa‚‚ soap and emphasised the necessity of a professional in such prescription. Harmonizing to their survey, physical exercising can take to a important lessening in physical damage and supply betterments to functional restrictions that the individual had suffered. In contrast, they determined that low degrees of activity caused a reduced cardio respiratory capacity and hence lessened ability to walk longer distances. These effects of inaction excessively have the possible to be improved through the execution of a physical activity government ( Ozdirenc, Kocak, & A ; Gutekin, 2004 ) . Physical therapists besides play an of import function in the bar of diabetes through instruction and public wellness publicity. At an single degree such professionals can assist their clients who are identified as being at hazard ( of diabetes ) to do behavioral alterations to decrease their personal hazards. In add-on to this, physiotherapists can assist their patients with diabetes develop an exercising plan to assistance in weight loss and bettering their future forecast. At a broader degree physical therapists can be involved in policy development and other consciousness runs. For illustration the National Physical Activity Guidelines require experts and other professional ‘s inputs to develop plans with the cardinal elements antecedently mentioned such as strong theoretical bases. Decision -prevention must be a cardinal focal point given that – † a status that is extremely conformable to primary intercession †

Quantitative An Qualitative Research Methods Essay

Assess the position that in sociological research quantitative research methods are superior to qualitative research methods. Sociologists have a number of different types of research that can be used to acquire data. They can be traced back to Max Weber (1864) regarded as the founder of interpretivism, was opposed to the idea that human behavior is exactly quantifiable. Human behavior is based on the idea that social interaction is surrounded by consciousness action and unpredictability (emotions and feelings). For intrepertivists the social world consists of and is constructed through meanings; for example attending school on a daily basis helps to recreate the structure of education. On the other hand Auguste Comte (1798) is largely regarded as the founding father of positivism; who studied social behavior in ways similar to those used by natural scientists to study behavior in the natural world. Social systems consist of structures that exist independently of individuals. They represent behavior at the intuitional level of society and people experience structures as forces that push persons to behave in ways that shape individual behavior choices. For example the rules of language, structure the way persons socially interact. In social sciences there are two types of research methods’ quantitative and qualitative. They are very popular in the fields of sociology because the need to study society and the people living in and institutions within societies encourage growth and change in both micro and macro systems. The word â€Å"quantitative† express data that is subject to measurements and numbers; it’s basically employ data that is objective generalized and statistical. Durkheim (1895) believes that the analysis of statistical data can indicate both cause and correlation. For example the difference between neighboring states in terms of attitude towards state government, would mostly utilize a quantitative research design which w ould offer comparison and statistics to demonstrate the differences between both states. The general idea of quantitative research is to get information that can be inferred to large populations of people, in this instance it is general favored because they allow for the collection of factual data. On the other hand qualitative research would not serve this type of inquiry well (the example above regarding attitude towards state government). In order to conduct qualitative research with large populations of people is difficult. The idea of qualitative research is to interview or observe a small group of  people to be able to determine what that specific group is experiencing. Therefore the information gathered would not be able to generalize to a large population such as across two states because the sample size would be to small and intimate. However for intrepretivists, â€Å"facts’ about behavior can be established, but these facts are always context-bound; they will not apply to all people at all times, in all situations. They may not even apply to different people in the same situation. Therefore persons should not directly interact with the people they are studying since this might influence their behavior (non-participant observation is acceptable, but participant observation is more problematic). Quantitative research methods are acceptable because they tend to offer higher potential levels of reliability than qualitative research methods, not necessarily superior. On the other hand qualitative research methods have to reflect the fact people consciously and unconsciously construct their own sense of social reality. Conversely; quantitative research methods indicates no personal, state of a person emotions and feelings; unrepresentative samples can sometimes be drown, thus leading to inaccurate and invalid information. Although not compulsory, it is extremely beneficial to use qualitative and quantitative research methods during a research to produce efficient outcomes. Qualitative and quantitative research methods will obtain results that are through, logical, and realistic is several ways. There is no particular rule for which research methods to use in sociology. Like sociologists, try to utilize methods that is ideal for research by obtaining effective results. In sociology, different theories will tend to prefer different data collection methods. For example Barker (1984) research of the unification church, or moonies lead Barker to understand the group because of the use of statistical (quantitative) data and in-depth explanation (qualitative). In some instances, a qualitative research method proves to be more appropriate than a quantitative upon the nature of the subject under investigation. For example if the researcher wants to understand a rape victims’ point of view, an unstructed questionnaire would yield more valid results than say a social survey. However feminist theory often makes use of qualitative research methods to better describe intimate and personal accounts of marginalized women in societies. Remember that both quantitative and qualitative analysis have proved useful and within respective fields and individual studies.

Adam And Nimrod Are Not Just Characters From Dante s Work

Adam and Nimrod are not just characters from Dante’s work. They both have origins in Christianity. Genesis 3 is about Adam’s sin, the first sin; disobeying the Lord caused the fall of man. Genesis 11 is about Nimrod’s sin. Nimrod was the first ruler â€Å"in the land of Shinar† (Gen 10.10). Men, migrating east, settled in Shinar and planned to construct a tower so tall, that it would reach the sky because this would â€Å"make a name for [themselves]† (Gen. 11.4). When the Lord noticed this tower, he â€Å"scattered them . . . all over the earth,† as well as â€Å"[confusing] the speech of all the world† (Gen. 11.8-9). I agree with V. Stanley Benfell; Nimrod’s sin, resulting in the fall of the language, is similar to the first sin that caused the fall of man. Sins in the Hebrew Bible To start with, the first man, Adam, is responsible for the original sin. Genesis 3 introduces the last creature the Lord made, the serpent (Everts 253). Though not clarified in Genesis 3, Revelations 12:9 considers the serpent to be â€Å"the devil.† The serpent tempts the first woman, Eve, to disobey the Lord. The serpent chooses Eve instead of Adam, because she is easier to manipulate (Everts 254). The Lord had allowed Adam and Eve to eat from any tree, except from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil (Genesis 2.16-17). Eve gave the fruit from the forbidden tree to Adam (Genesis 3.6). When the Lord discovered that the two humans had eaten the fruit he forbade them from eating, he made the serpent eat only dust, made

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) - 840 Words

In the video titled, â€Å"Why Can’t You Behave?† the client Julian suffers from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and has impairments of body functions and structures, activity and participation limitations, and has environmental as well as personal factors that are present, which impacts his daily functions. Julian demonstrates the inability to remain calm, or to sit still during any daily activity due to being hyperactive. According to the video, â€Å"Julian was a very restless boy, he was so hyperactive he couldn’t sit still through a meal†, so daily tasks such as sitting and learning in a traditional classroom setting, and being able to sit still long enough to complete any homework assignments were all challenges that Julian faced due to suffering from ADHD. From the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) checklist, under the mental functions section b140 attention would be considered as a complete impairment of Julianâ€⠄¢s body functions due to difficulties focusing attention on organizing and completing a task. Since Julian also shows difficulty processing information and difficulty listening when spoken to, the brain in section s110 of the ICF would be a body structure noted as having impairments for function. Now, when it comes to the clients’ activity and participation limitations Julian has several instances in the video that show where he had some difficulties. For example, in section d1of the ICF he does demonstrate the inability to learn andShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. 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