Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) - 840 Words

In the video titled, â€Å"Why Can’t You Behave?† the client Julian suffers from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and has impairments of body functions and structures, activity and participation limitations, and has environmental as well as personal factors that are present, which impacts his daily functions. Julian demonstrates the inability to remain calm, or to sit still during any daily activity due to being hyperactive. According to the video, â€Å"Julian was a very restless boy, he was so hyperactive he couldn’t sit still through a meal†, so daily tasks such as sitting and learning in a traditional classroom setting, and being able to sit still long enough to complete any homework assignments were all challenges that Julian faced due to suffering from ADHD. From the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) checklist, under the mental functions section b140 attention would be considered as a complete impairment of Julianâ€⠄¢s body functions due to difficulties focusing attention on organizing and completing a task. Since Julian also shows difficulty processing information and difficulty listening when spoken to, the brain in section s110 of the ICF would be a body structure noted as having impairments for function. Now, when it comes to the clients’ activity and participation limitations Julian has several instances in the video that show where he had some difficulties. For example, in section d1of the ICF he does demonstrate the inability to learn andShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus

Managing Risks Of Managing Risk Management - 1710 Words

Managing risk is a complex issue in the world of business today, and covers issues from budgets, to legal issues as well as security for a company, and these are topics that will be discussed in this study. Often the success of a company depends on the risk management skills of the team and leaders. How well risk management in business is handled will decide whether the mission of the company will be carried out and it is primary to security. This study will look at issues that are affected by risk management and draw conclusion on how they should be used in order for a company to reach optimal success. In order to for risk management to be effective information security is a major issue that will be vital to a company, even though it cannot guarantee success. There are several facets to information security. The company will have information that needs to be protected, and the need for a risk management plan that allows for some information needs to be constructed so that the compan y is protected at the same time. (Strom, 2014). In order to provide this kind of risk management for a company to be successful information must be seen as a valuable commodity. This included information about the company and the competition. At this time, it is common for global corporations to creative separate units inside the company to deal with compliance with securing the information that the company wishes to protect and to help with risks that could occur financially orShow MoreRelatedManaging Objectives Of Building Risk Management1675 Words   |  7 Pageshave associated risks of these activities that will impact an organization’s strategic planning. As a result, many boards and executive teams are taking steps to improve the effectiveness of their risk management and risk governance efforts as these new risks emerge. One of the greatest challenges they face is the ability to make risk intelligent decisions for today, and for the future, without really comprehen ding the new universe of risks in their changing environment. Making risk intelligent decisionsRead MoreManaging Interest Rate Risk Management1035 Words   |  5 PagesIn the aspect of interest rate risk management, the department establishes a systematic financial risk quantitative analysis model by analyzing the assets and liabilities structure. On the basis of scenario analysis and stress testing, it follows the movement of interest rate and determine the timing of market operation. It analyzes Apple’s import and export trade currency and business volume. Various measures will be taken to lock exchange rate. Buying forward exchange rate options is one of theRead MoreManaging A Strong Risk Management Program Essay983 Words   |  4 Pagesand attack are inevitable. In in order to maintain resilience it is important to establish a strong risk management program. It can be difficult to conceptualize risk management as a program and a framework. It is first important to iden tify the critical infrastructure and key resources that require risk reduction and the mitigation of consequences. In this essay we will examine how risk management is used by the homeland security enterprise, and how that use benefits such aspects as resource allocationRead MoreManaging Risk Management Policies And Rules1882 Words   |  8 PagesManage risk Project Part 1 Information sources Information sources can be from company’s risk management plans, risk analysis reports, customer and staffs complaint forms, risk monitor and evaluation reports, company’s financial reports, staff performance report, safety inspection reports, risk management professionals, equipment repairing reports, code of practice and standard, company’s risk management policy, Risk management AS/NZS 4360, Risk management guidelines, professional standards for riskRead MoreRisk Management And Managing A Health Care Organization1864 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Risks to patients, employees, and organizations are prevalent in healthcare. Operating and managing a health care organization consists of many important factors. Factors such as finance, safety, and most importantly, patient care (CITE Scranton University). These factors play a major role in the success of the organization. Therefore, it is important for an organization to have qualified healthcare risk managers to assess, develop, implement, and monitor risk management plans with theRead MoreInternal Parameters When Managing Risk Management Essay3099 Words   |  13 PagesRisk Management: Risk management of his family and property to reduce the effect, usually at the end of a special task force to organize a relative or related words, prosperity and security risk or in crisis, to identify and evaluate a high priority. You threatened the welfare administration and strategy, as well as some pieces of the owner to ensure safety needs help. Internal parameters when managing risk for the Organisation: Roles and Responsibilities: †¢ Please identify philosophy and a breakdownRead MoreVietnam s Economic Growth On The Economy1320 Words   |  6 Pagesloose; the industry has achieved decisive growth consistent with the Government s economic stimulus packages. However, Vietnam is also a high-risk country. Although the short-term risk is high, it will decrease over the long term according to government attempts to launch economic reforms. The growing FDI in the country will also support to lessen the risk. †¢ Recently, the country experiences political stability. Nevertheless, rising discontent with the ruling party and concerns related to humanRead MoreManaging the Software Enterprise1295 Words   |  5 PagesMANAGING THE SOFTWARE ENTERPRISE 2 Managing the Software Enterprise Managing the Software Enterprise Introduction Risk management in any enterprise is a key strategy to reduce any uncertainties that threaten the company. Several strategies could be laid, focusing on the Software enterprises that could help curb the problem of any uncertainties and in turn increase the efficiency of the enterprises. Management play a crucial role in reduction of any uncertainties in the Software industries, withRead Moreproject manajment1121 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿2-15-99 Project Management: The Managerial Process COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 Modern Project Management What is a project? The project life cycle The project manager The importance of project management Snapshot from practice: The best wireless phone in the world Snapshot from practice: The emergence of e.Schwab The evolution of project management systems Project management today-- An integrative approachRead MoreManaging The Risks Of The Supply Chain Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesMANAGING THE RISKS OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN Adam Lindeman November 21, 2016 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of 295 ISE Seminar Course FALL Semester, 2016 Systems Science and Industrial Engineering Department Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science State University of New York at Binghamton TABLE OF CONTENTS Will update for final paper. Will include a complete list of every section and where to find it. Sections will include an Introduction, Analysis, Conclusion

Regions Regional Science Policy Practice - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Regions Regional Science Policy Practice? Answer: Introducation The primary purpose of the paper is to evaluate accounting quality for Coca-Cola Amatil through accessing its accounting policies as well as estimates and also preparing an in-depth report on managers accounting and reporting strategy choice. The report has been formulated by the ASX Listing Rule of 4.2A. 3. Coca-cola Amatil is operational in six countries, that is: New Zealand, Australia, Samoa, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. The company positioned as amoung the best and principal manufacturers, and most competitive suppliers of ready to drink alcohol as well as non-alcoholic beverages is an important institution in the Asia Pacific regions. Coca-Cola owns the brands and manufacturers the concentrates of several non-alcoholic beverages that are locally manufactured by Amatil. Subsequently, this is an inclusion of Coca-Cola, Fanta, Powerade, and Sprite. Coca-Cola Amatil directly employs a rough estimation of over 14000 people as well as indirectly offer jobs to so many other individuals (Abwanzo, 2016). The supply chain in the companys operation is comprised of partnerships with the principal suppliers that work in manufacturing, packaging, and selling as well as distributing the vast range of products. Accounting policies are general principles, rules, and procedures that are imp lemented by a companys core management team and is used in the preparation of the companys financial statement. The process comprises of any methods, measurement systems as well as the procedure involved in presenting disclosures. The following section will extensively examine accounting policies and estimates used by CCA and a comparison of accounting policies and estimations used by its prime competitors. Segment Reporting The company operates in several segments which are grounded on results conveyed to the managing director of the group. Technically, the New Zealand and Fiji, Australia, and Indonesia, as well as PNG Non-Alcoholic Beverage segments, obtain their revenues from manufactures as well as marketing of some of the non-alcoholic beverages. Relatively, the financial statement of the group is seasonally affected by the timing of certain festivities in the respective countries most specifically within the CCA operational zones. The average trend is that revenue earnings and operating cash flows of CCA and the New Zealand based one are stronger in the second half of the financial year (Chance, 2017). This is attributed to the fact that the Christmas holiday is a trading period which automatically leads to associated effects on the working capital components. Also, the Ramadan period just like Christmas impacts the general timing of the Indonesian market within the financial year. The results in s egment criteria are based on remunerations before interest and substantial item basis. The net segment assets comprise of assets in operating and investing assets as well as the liabilities involved. However, this is exclusive of amounts in net debt. Net debt amounts are comprised of long-term deposits, cash assets and debt-related assets as well as legal liabilities. The net debts, income taxes, and net finance costs are handled at a group level and hence not reported internally specifically as a segmented level. The table below is a segment report based on the year 2015-2016. The table also takes into account net debts and assets for all subsidiaries of Coca Cola Amatil and the potential impact the statistics has on profitability The table below was computed to analyze the financial summary and income statements of Coca Cola Amatil taking specific consideration on trade revenue, EBIT significance and the total profit for the year attributable to shareholders in the fiscal year 2014-2015. The following section will also analyse the second accounting policy used by the CCA in its operation and financial statement reporting. A representation of the companys financial and result commentary which will be used to analyze the accounting policies used as well as the estimates of Coca-Cola Amatil. Financial Result Net profit credited to the stakeholders of Coca Cola Amatil grew to 183.9 million on the grounds of a Net profit which increased by 2.45% to an estimate of $186.3 million. Trading Revenue increased by a total of 4.8% which is a reflection of $2.4 billion The Earnings per Share increased to a 24.1 cents per share, thats a representation of 0.9% of the total estimates. Also, earnings before interest and tax was enhanced to $316.9 million, and thats an estimation of roughly 0.1%. The group operational results The business in the fiscal year of 2015 delivered first-half results consistent with the internal plans and guidance that had been previously anticipated. However, the results were achieved despite the hardships experienced in Australia and Indonesia regarding trading and economic conditions (Moore, 2017). In relation, CCA employed strategies that were implemented to reinforce the leading rank of the institution in its industry, and this is expected to generate a long-term shareholder value. On the other hand, the fiscal year 2014-2015 showcased a similar trend just as in the 2015-2016 annual report. The following is a representation of an Ebit Summary for the year 2015 The table below is also a computed Interim results commentary of the year 2016 for Coca Cola Amatil Limited and its subsidiaries. The variance results was computed using statistics from Australia, Indonesia and PNG and Fiji New Zealand. The EBIT results in 2016 pointed out that Australian Bevaerage EBIT decreased by 1.9% while struggling to address the structural adjustment in the market. On the other hand, the New Zealand and Fiji EBIT increased by an estimated 7.4% on a constant currency. Technically, this change was credited to the revenue and volume growth estimation. The increase in the Indonesia and Papua New Guinea EBIT by 71.4% contributed to a $14.6 million of reported earnings for Coca Cola Amatil. In relation, the net finance costs reduction of $15.0 million reflected a full year in the year 2016 from equity injection in 2015 hence lowering the interest rates of the Australian market. The beverage business in Australia conveyed an increase regarding volume and trading revenue which was embedded on aspects such as investment pricing, brand building, innovation as well as the route to market improvement. The investments, in this case, are financed from cost savings which are to be supplied in the better part of the second half. CCAs CSD volumes gained grounds when it delivered both volumes as well as value share gains despite the hostile environment of a challenging trading context which saw a decline in the inclusive CSD market. To counter this situation, CCA used packaging improvement, household penetration and pricing and marketing initiatives to deliver growth in the transaction. An overall reduction was however attributed to the target investment regarding pricing transversely across the majority of our customer base. Technically, the mentioned price investments were formulated against a backdrop of a fairly benign estimation of goods atmosphere. As per now, th e organization remains on pathway to convey its three-year cost-saving target of over $100 million and savings weighted for the second half. On the other hand, New Zealand and Fiji earnings increased by a rough estimation of 9.9%; this increase was attributed to strong performances in CSD and water. The two affiliates benefited from the buoyant economic crisis, and this was in particular regards to the very first quarter. In areas such as New Zealand, the concept of activation of strong market resulted in the market share growth in soft drinks as well as energy drinks but maintained its share in the CSD. Also, Indonesia and PNG had enhanced earnings with the Indonesian business supplying a solid volume growth as well as market share gains in terms of CSDs. The logic here is that the company CCA has continued to expand the market presence through improving the affordability of products and this has in turn aided the market leadership position in CSDs with the market share accumulatin g by five significant points from the mentioned year to the current date. In summary, other performance measures include Free cash flow, Return on capital employed (ROCE), Earnings per share, Net tangible asset (NTA) and backing per ordinary share of Coca Cola Amatil. Regarding sustainability, CCA sustainability framework is embedded on delivering real outcomes for its consumers, the environment as well as the community it operates in (Metzger, 2014). According to a 2015 sustainability report, there was an established new baseline that is committed to the continuous improvement regarding the organizations performance as well as reporting on an annual basis. CCA is also on the front line to ensure that it makes a positive change in the community that it operates in and hence acknowledges the regulatory landscape that is rapidly changing. Subsequently, this is with particular regards to environmental protection and the wellbeing of consumers (Faccio OBrien, 2015). The business demonstrates its willingness to address community as well as regulatory concerns through the following areas: Actively engage with all Australian state and also territory governments with plans to present CDS which is a container deposit scheme. Subsequently, this is done in the hopes that a new CDS will technically and consistently operate across every states in Australia with particularly minimized impact financially for manufacturers and consumers. Regarding consumer wellbeing, CCA acknowledges that it has an underlying role to play in terms of addressing the concept of obesity in the community (Ashley, 2017). Technically, this is achieved through an extensive partnership between the organization, community leaders, the government and other businesses. With the shifting landscape of consumer preferences, a great opportunity presents itself for the business to extensively improve its portfolio of products. The company in partnership with its brand partners are involved in reformulating products, reducing pack sizes and promoting advisable levels of individual lifestyles and preferences (Corea, 2016). An overview of the financial results indicates that as per 2016, CCA continually made solid evolvement in terms of implementation of business strategies as per the 2014 strategic review. In return, this attracts sustainable return for its relevant stakeholders. Also, an associated outcome of the same was a growth in the underlying EBIT of 3.5% as well as an underlying NPAT of approximately 6.2% for the annual year (Bender, 2014). In relation, the result by segment and business is an indication of the power of the diversity of the business portfolio and the robust contribution of the growth markets. While Australian Beverages also declined by 1.8 percent for the year which was attributed to a 6.8 percent increase in New Zealand and Fiji segment which is a representation of 15% of the groups earnings. SPC recorded losses for the year with an expected return to profitability. However, this transit in business took longer than it had been anticipated. To reduce the rate of share decline, a countermeasure of increasing promotional activity was used. However, this countermeasure was not effective enough in offset the continued price competition most specifically from imported products (Bernarto, Meilani Canoy, 2015). The carrying value of SPCs had been reduced to $156.3 million as a result of a $170.8 million after a tax non-cash impairment charge. Free cash flow of an estimation of $490 million in 2016 was also considered the maximum free cash flow that Coca Cola Amatil has reported in several years. Technically, this was approximate $100 million higher than the estimate of 2015 and also substantially higher than the dividend payments for that year. The concept of Cash Flow Cash flows, in this case, is embedded in business plans that are permitted by the Board of Directors. The utilization of cash flow projects for roughly five years now have potentially aided in the minimization of the reliance on residual values. The key inputs used in defining the cash flows included sales and royal rates. Technically, sales are embedded on a bussiness plan that is typically a three-year business plan that are appraised by the management. On the other hand, royalty rates are manipulated by market rates for equivalent brands adjusted for the cost linked with the maintenance of the brand. Any substantial change in key assumptions in the future if impairments had been previously recognized could end in the requirement to recognize any further impairment. On the other hand, regarding discount rates, the discount rates in this case are the weighted average cost of capital for the Group with particular regards to each brand and risk adjustment in areas that are applicable. Technically, operating cash flow was strongest with the cash realization increasing to 110.5 percent for the year, this was an increase of 17.8 points (Wilson Wilson, 2017). In 2016, the tax paid was relatively lower than the one paid in 2015 due to lower tax installments on the Australian earnings. The business also continues to invest in the supply chain capabilities across all the potential markets with the capital expenditure slightly under $300 million which was a $39.7 million increase from the previous year in 2015. Subsequently, this can be reflected through: The commencement of a capital investment program The ongoing investment particularly in Indonesian manufacturing capability improved productivity and efficiency in the supply chain process as well as an extension in the reach of our network and products. Investment in a new hot-fill production facility based in New Zealand was commissioned in the year 2016, the primary was to purpose-built facility and more than doubles the aptitude of the previous plants hence consolidates operations in what can be referred to as an accessible hub. In summary, the strong free cash flow results indicate that the balance sheet is incorporated in a very strong position. In relation, there was a decrease in net debt by an estimated $153.5 million to under $ 1 billion. The shareholder Value Proposition CCAs shareholders value proposition is a guide to the administration of the general varied markets and portfolio. Also, it stipulates the contribution that each department of the business contributes to the overall success and outcome of the Group. Technically, the primary target of the firm is the mid-single digit EPS growth as well as a strong balance sheet and the reoccurrence on capital. Specifically, in Australia, attempts are being made to make significant progress in rebalancing the portfolio, leveraging route-to-market and also revenue growth management capability (Alawattage, Wickramasinghe, Tsamenyi Uddin, 2017). The challenge of the overall market however still stands. In relation, the institution has the mandate to work towards stabilizing the business and ensure sustainability regarding low single-digit EBIT growth. SPC is a significant tool that is effectively used in modernizing the business. However, the profitability return is a process taking longer than anticipate d with an uncertain loss this year (Mialon et al. 2016). Regarding capital planning, the institution remains tailored with modest investment in Australia and New Zealand and also a more noteworthy investment in Indonesia so as to capture the medium to long-term growth. The approach is effective, however, it also has its underlying challenges like resulting in a sustainable level of EPS growth. Technically, EPS growth has strong disbursements and also a strong balance sheet for all the relevant stakeholders. Amatil Policies and Practices Amatils website an inclusive of the Corporate Governance section comprehends significant copies of key policies of Amatil as well as governance documents on the same (Wilson et al. 2015). Subsequently, this comprises of Amatils constitution, Board, and Committee Charters, corporate governance statement and Committee Charters, Code of Business Conduct as well as Whistleblower protection policy. Business and sustainability Risks The company is exposed to some risks including operational, financial, market alongside socio political that may implicate adverse risks on the future financial prospects of Coca-Cola Amatil. Technically, the impact as well nature of such underlying risks is expected to alter over time (Lanis, McClure Zirnsak, 2017). They also vary regarding the degree in which the institution can mitigate the problem. In relation, the compnay employed a framework for managing risks embedded on internal control systems that aim to counter the key business risks. Information on Coca-Cola Amatil Limited, risk management framework, is found in its Corporate Governance Statement under Recognize and Manage Risk. The key business risks include: Macro-Economic factors that impact competition and Demand The retail environment in New Zealand and Australia remains a central challenge as consumer spending is constantly subdued across some areas. However, this is with particular regards to beverage retailing and food retailing. A reflection of the same has been manifested in the proliferation of value, persistent retailing pricing pressure and private label beverages. Strong market and demographic fundamentals impact the Indonesian business but the growth in return continuously attracts more competition and hence placing more pressure on earnings. Also, another constant challenge for the group is the constant lack of liquidity in the local Papua New Guinea currency market. To maintain its position as a more cost-competitive institution, Amatil aims at implementing a range of strategic cost-out initiatives over 2017; it will also build scale and relevance in its operational market and also continues to manage its foreign exchange risks. Sparkling Soft Drinks Category Pressure The continuous decline of sparkling soft drink category in Australia and other areas such as Indonesia and New Zealand has created a risk to Amatils earnings. A primary factor that are credited for this change is the health and wellness concerns around sugar as well as artificiality that is quickly shifting consumer preferences towards more low and fewer kilojoule products. Subsequently, this trend is particular in developed countries. While this shift is taking place other beverages like non-carbonated beverages are experiencing strong growth and hence Coca Cola Amatil continuously build its shares in the specific categories. CCA has a close working relationship with The Coca-Cola Company to leverage it's Coca-Cola System leadership position in the category of sparkling soft drink and continues to take an impactful share of stills through production innovation as well as extending customer reach. Plastics Tax, Sugar Tax, Container Deposit Schemes The risks associated with regulatory interventions like proposed container deposit potential sugar, schemes as well as plastic tax is a major orientation of The Coca-Cola system. Beverage products consumption policies are produced by health and environmental advocates that exclusively focus on litter alongside obesity matters. Subsequently, this is oriented at government which seek novel revenue sources. CCA continuously engage with relevant stakeholders in attempts to raise impacts awareness of more regulations. Fund industry led initiative aimed at achieving objectives of public policy which have negligible influence on Amatil and consumers. Relationship with TCCC and other Brand Partners The relationship between the institution and its partners is a key concept in the achievement hence forming a fundamental share of the key strategies in the business. The TCCC branded products form the majority of Coca-Cola Amatil beverage business and hence rely on strong plans aligned towards its growth. Consequently, company endures to drive extensive alignment improvement with TCCC. Business continuity risks associated with utility disruptions, natural disasters, and regulatory changes It undertaks its operation in external-environments considered vulnerable to like utility disruptions, regulatory changes, and cyber threats and susceptible to natural disasters which can cause extensive business disruption (Kumarasiri, 2015). Relatively, business continuity framework has been put in place and are also regular tested to decrease potential effects disturbance. Additionally, sufficient covers of insurance has been put in place cross Group to aid in the business. In summary, financial statements are vital components since it is a variable that measures and summarizes economic consequences of business activities, like in this particular case study, the financial statement of CCA helped in underpinning several crucial aspects of the business. Financial statements are also considered a source of wide and comprehensive available data, particularly on publicly traded corporations. The accrual accounting information analyzed in the body of the paper aimed at reflecting the expectations of the economic performance of Coca-Cola Amatil. Auditing, as well as Accounting standards, work hand in hand to ensure that financial reports meet the expected standards. A competitive advantage is critical in ensuring that CCA stands out in its respective industry. References Abwanzo, B. N. (2016). The Ad Putting and Promotion of Coke-Cola in Australia. Alawattage, C., Wickramasinghe, D., Tsamenyi, M., Uddin, S. (2017). Doing critical management accounting research in emerging economies.Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting,10(2), 177-188. Ashley, R. (2017). Coca-Cola Amatil: Insights from the company auditing.Equity,31(6), 16. Bender, A. (2014). Taking matters into their own hands.CIO, (Summer 2014), 32. Bernarto, I., Meilani, Y. F. C. P., Canoy Jr, L. M. (2015). THE EFFECTS OF BRAND CREDIBILITY, BRAND COMMITMENT, LOYALTY INTENTION TO BRAND EQUITY Sharon.E-Proceeding of,2015, 113. Chance, M. J. (2017). Quality Control Air Produk Minuman Berkabonasi Fanta Strawberry RGB 295 Ml Secara Mikrobiologi Di PT Coca Cola Amatil Indonesia Central Java. Corea, G. (2016). Global value chain: the Coca-Cola system. Faccio, M., OBrien, W. (2015).Business groups and internal markets for human capital. Working Paper, Krannert School of Management Purdue University. Faccio, M., O'Brien, W. (2015). Business Groups and Employment. Kumarasiri, J. (2015). Use of management accounting practices in carbon emission management: Evidence from Australian companies.Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, The,21(1), 5. Lanis, R., McClure, R., Zirnsak, M. (2017). Tax aggressiveness of alcohol and bottling companies in Australia. Metzger, K. (2014). The Import of Culture? The Coca Cola Company in America and Australia. Mialon, M., Swinburn, B., Wate, J., Tukana, I., Sacks, G. (2016). Analysis of the corporate political activity of major food industry actors in Fiji.Globalization and health,12(1), 18. Moore, B. (2017). Queensland report.Equity,31(6), 20. Wilson, B., Hogan, A., Cuthill, M., Baker, D., Buys, L., Burton, L. (2015). Someone else's boom but always our bust: Australia as a derivative economy, implications for regions.Regional Science Policy Practice,7(2), 75-87. Wilson, R. E., Wilson, R. E. (2017). Coca-Cola Amatil: A Bottler Recharging Growth With Energy Drinks.Kellogg School of Management Cases, 1-15.

Role Theory free essay sample

Role theory concerns one of the most important features of social life, characteristicbehavior patternsor roles. It explains roles by presumingthat persons are members of social positions and hold expectationsfor their own behaviorsand those of otherpersons. Its vocabularyand concernsare popular and among social scientistsandpractitioners, role conceptshave generateda lot of research. At least five perspectives may be discriminatedin recent work organizational, within the field: functional, symbolic interactionist,structural, andcognitive role theory. Much of role researchreflectspracticalconcernsand derivedconcepts, and researchon four such concepts is reviewed:consensus, conformity, role conflict, and role taking. Recent developmentssuggest both centrifugal and integrative forces within the role field. The former reflect differingperspectivalcommitmentsof scholars,confusions anddisagreements over use of role concepts, andthe fact thatrole theoryis used to analyzevarious forms of social system. The latterreflect the shared,basic concernsof the field and efforts by role theorists to seek a broad version of the field that will accommodatea wide range of interests. INTRODUCTION Role theoryposes an intriguingdilemma. We will write a custom essay sample on Role Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the one hand, the conceptof role is one of the most popular ideas in the social sciences. At least 10% of all articles currently published in sociological journals use the term role in a reviews of social technicalsense, chapterson role theoryappearin authoritative psychology, essay volumes on role theory appearregularly, endless applications of role ideas may be found in basic texts for sociology and social 67 0360-0572/86/08 15-0067$02. 00 68 BIDDLE sychology, and role theoryprovides a perspectivefor discussing or studying persistin many social issues. On the otherhand, confusion and malintegration role theory. Authors continue to differ over definitions for the role concept, over assumptionsthey make about roles, and over explanationsfor role phenomena. And formalderivationsfor role propositionshave been hardto find. This dilemma has promptedsome authorsto write damningreviews of role theory. Nevertheless, substantialreasons exist for the popularityof the role concept. Role theory exhibits an agreed-uponset of core ideas, and empirical researchthatuses these ideas flowers. The philosophicalstanceof role theoryis attractiveand useful in efforts to amelioratehuman problems. Role theory offers opportunities to integrate key interests of researchersin sociology, also suggestthatexplanapsychology, and anthropology. Recentcontributions tion in role theory is now becoming more formal. Consequently,the focus of this essay is moreupon synthesisthancriticismof the field. I review ideas basic of to role theory, examinetreatment these ideas in severalperspectivesof social thought, and review empiricalresearchfor key issues in role theory. The essay ends with a discussion of issues and propositionaltheory for the field. BASIC IDEAS AND ORIENTATION of Role theory concerns one of the most importantcharacteristics social behavior-the fact that human beings behave in ways that are different and predictabledependingon theirrespectivesocial identitiesandthe situation. As the term role suggests, the theory began life as a theatrical metaphor. If and performancesin the theaterwere differentiated predictablebecause actors for were constrainedto performparts which scriptswere written, then it seemed reasonableto believe that social behaviorsin othercontexts were also by associatedwith partsand scriptsunderstood social actors. Thus, role theory and may be said to concernitself with a triadof concepts:patterned characteristic social behaviors, partsor identitiesthatare assumedby social participants, and scriptsor expectationsfor behaviorthatare understood all and adhered by to by performers. Confusion entered role theory because its basic theatricalmetaphorwas applied only loosely and because its earliest proponents (Georg Simmel, George HerbertMead, RalphLinton, and JacobMoreno)differedin the ways they used role terms. Unfortunately,these differencespersistin currentliterature. Thus, whereas some authorsuse the term role to refer to characteristic behaviors(Biddle 1979, Burt 1982), othersuse it to designatesocial partsto be played (Winship Mandel 1983), andstill othersoffer definitionsthatfocus on scripts for social conduct (Bates Harvey 1975, Zurcher 1983). Although these differences appearsubstantial,the problemis more terminologicalthan substantive. Agreementpersistsamongrole theoriststhatthe basic concernsof   the orientationare with characteristic behaviors,partsto be played, and scripts for behavior. For convenience, in this essay I shall designate these basic concepts of role theory by the familiar terms of role, social position, and expectation, respectively. Somewhatmoreseriousaredisagreements role theoristsoverthe modality by of expectationspresumablyresponsiblefor roles. Whereasmanyrole theorists assumethatexpectationsare norms(i. e. prescriptivein nature),othersassume them to be beliefs (referringto subjective probability), and still others view them as preferences (or attitudes). Each mode of expectationgeneratesroles for somewhat different reasons, so different versions of role theory result, dependingon the mode of expectationassumed. (LaterI will arguethatall three modes should be retained. ) Even more serious is the retention, in role theory, of concepts whose definitions involve improbable,undetectable,or contradictory conditions. To illustratethis latterproblem, one influentialsourcedefines a role as aparticularset of normsthatis organizedabouta function(Bates Harvey1975: 106). Anotherdescribes role as a comprehensive patternfor behaviorand attitude (Turner1979: 124). And still anotherconceives role as behaviorreferringto normativeexpectationsassociatedwith a position in a social system(Allen van de Vliert 1984a: 3). These definitionsoverlap, but each adds one or more conditionsnot given in the others. This leaves the readerin confusionover how to conceptualize or study events that do not meet these conditions. Are patterned behaviorsthen not roles when they arenot associatedwith a function, not tied to attitudes, or not associated with norms or social positions? Role theory would be betteroff if its majorproponentscould be persuadedto agree upon, or better yet, to eschew, such limiting conditions. Although role theorists differ in the assumptions they build into basic and concepts, they arelargely similarin philosophicorientation in the methods used for theirresearch. Most versions of role theorypresumethatexpectations are the majorgeneratorsof roles, thatexpectationsarelearnedthroughexperience, andthatpersonsare awareof the xpectationsthey hold. This meansthat role theorypresumesa thoughtful,socially awarehumanactor. As a result,role theorists tend to be sympathetic to other orientationsthat presume human awareness-for example, cognitive and field theories in social psychology or in exchange theoryandphenomenologicalapproaches sociology. And because of this sympathy, role theorists also tend to adopt the methods of research prevalent in these orientations,particularlymethods for observing roles and those thatrequireresearchsubjectsto report theirown or others expectations. Given its basic focus, one might assume that empirical research by role theorists would focus on the origins, dynamics, and effects of roles, social positions, and expectations. Surprisingly,this has not been the case. Instead, much of role researchhas concernedpracticalquestionsand derivedconcepts 70 BIDDLE such as role conflict, role taking, role playing, or consensus. The practical concernsof role researchhave been both a blessing anda curse. On the positive side, they have broughtattentionto role theory and funds for needed research efforts. On the negative, they have tendedto expand and confuse the application of role ideas. This has led to widespreadadoptionof the role vocabularyas well as the generation of new concepts that might not have appearedhad researchbeen more focused. But formal developmentof the theory has suffered, and role theoristsoften have workedat cross-purposes. In addition,the fact that role concepts have been employed by scholarsrepresentingseveral differenttheoreticalperspectiveshas meantthat, in the views of some authors, roletheoryis merely an expressionof those perspectives. This has led some reviewersto praise or damnrole theorybecause they approveor disapproveof the perspective with which they associate it-failing to recognize that role concepts are employed for various purposesby other social scientists. These problemsareseriousones, androle theorywill prosperin the futureto theextent that it adopts its own distinctive theoreticalorientation,one that stands apart fromthe theoreticalperspectiveswith which it has been historicallyassociated. As suggested above, interestin role theoryhas appearedin some of the central arenas of sociology and social psychology. Five such perspectives are discriminatedhere. Functional Role Theory The functionalapproach role theorybeganwith the workof Linton(1936) but to was not formalized until the publicationsof Parsons (1951; Parsons Shils 1951). In general, functional role theory has focused on the characteristic behaviorsof personswho occupy social positionswithina stablesocial system. Rolesare conceived as the shared,normativeexpectationsthatprescribeand explain these behaviors. Actors in the social system have presumablybeen taughtthese normsandmay be counteduponto conformto normsfor theirown conduct and to sanction others for conformityto normsapplyingto the latter. Thus, functionalrole theorybecame a vocabularyfor describingthe differentiated partsof stable social systems as well as a vehicle for explaining why those systems are stable and how they induce conformity in participants. A recent work thatrepresentsthe thoughtof functionalrole theoryis the text as by Bates.

Issues Surrounding The Treatment Of Patients Social Work Essays

Issues Surrounding The Treatment Of Patients Social Work Essays Issues Surrounding The Treatment Of Patients Social Work Essay Issues Surrounding The Treatment Of Patients Social Work Essay Health Services for Peoples with Learning Disabilities ( Department of Health, 1992 ) and Mental Health: National Service Framework, ( Department of Health, 1999 ) , The common subjects and issues that underpin this policy construction, include: advancing collaborative working between mainstream mental wellness services and specialist acquisition disablement services ; leting people with larning disablements to entree mainstream mental wellness services wherever possible but making little specializer inmate services for those whose demands can non be met by mainstream services, implementing a changing function for specializer larning disablement services to supplying support and facilitation for mainstream services including supplying mainstream mental wellness and attention staff with equal preparation on the demands of people with learning disablement ; using a attention programme attack for people with learning disablement and mental wellness jobs and making mental wellness publi city stuffs which are made accessible for people with a learning disablement. Advice is available to assist care suppliers and staff support people with larning disablements in accessing mainstream mental wellness attention scenes ( Hardy et al, 2006 ) . The Green light toolkit ( Foundation for People with larning disablements et Al, 2004 ) is one illustration of a counsel papers that demonstrates how policy construction and specific policies are being implemented in pattern. It is used throughout England as an audit tool to mensurate how the National Service Framework for mental wellness ( Department of Health, 1999 ) is being implemented for people with learning disablements. The toolkit provides a gilded criterion that can be used by local mainstream mental wellness services to mensurate services against. It offers a traffic visible radiation hiting system and provides counsel on how services can be improved, covering countries such as local partnerships, planning, accessing services, attention planning and work force planning. After a green light toolkit a ppraisal, each local country should develop an betterment program from the action points identified and have a clip frame to implement the necessary alterations. Anecdotal grounds from observations in pattern suggest that the green light tool kit is still being used in pattern today but similar countries for betterment are identified clip and clip once more such as entree to wellness promotional stuffs in apprehensible formats. This would propose that although appraisals of services are being undertaken the results of these appraisals and action points are non being carried frontward into pattern. The Disability Rights Commission ( Disability rights committee, 2006 ) supports this position by stating that old counsel paperss intended to assist people with larning disablements gain entree to mainstream wellness services have had limited consequence. A working group from the royal montage of head-shrinkers ( Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1996 ) acknowledged that enabling people with larning disablements to entree mainstream mental wellness services can be a complex and demanding undertaking necessitating input from specializers in the psychopathology of larning disablement. To react to this statement they have advocated two rules for the mental wellness nursing of people with larning disablements: joint working between mental wellness and larning disablement squads with the usage of Mainstream psychiatric installations at every possible chance every bit good as emphasizing that commissariats for specializer services are still to be available if needed. The independent authorities enquiry instigated by Death by Indifference ( Mencap, 2007 ) , while non widening to mental wellness services, promoted research into the experiences reported by people with larning disablements of acute mental wellness units. This provides a assorted image. The negative experiences are similar to concerns expressed by other patients. These include: deficiency of control and information ; larceny of belongings ; intimidating multi disciplinary meetings ; hapless nutrient and hapless attention. However the presence of larning disablements may change their significance for illustration, service users with larning disablements may happen it harder to understand information about their admittance and intervention, unless it is shared in a format which is appropriate to their cognitive and communicating accomplishments. Psychotropic medicine may farther impair already hapless cognitive operation and may stand for an extra restriction on persons capacity to und erstand and take an active portion in their intervention. Relatives and paid carers are likely to hold a much more important and long-standing function in back uping the service user than would be the instance with other grownups with mental wellness jobs, Often a individual with a acquisition disablement has specific modus operandis that merely person near like a carer would cognize and following these modus operandis can do nursing them much easier. this is something to which mainstream services in peculiar seem to pay small attending. Not emphasizing engagement with carers in peculiar with a client from this group can take to either a deficiency of support for carers or carers experiencing pushed away by services and left without a function which in itself can take to the presentation of depression and low temper in the carer. ( Scior and Longo, 2005 ) Finally, the hazard that marks and symptoms of mental wellness jobs will be misattributed to a individual s acquisition disableme nt ( diagnostic overshadowing ) is specific to this group. These issues need to be considered by practicians nevertheless, grounds indicates that healthcare professionals frequently lack the cognition, accomplishments and experience necessary to run into the health care needs of people with learning disablements. ( Fraser, 1999 ) The Royal College of Nursing ( Royal College of Nursing, 2008 ) commented that the recent development of an outlook of the mainstream mental wellness services to react to the demands of the bulk of people with larning disablements and co-morbid mental unwellness has frequently proved an unrealistic end for the mental wellness nurse. It has been proven that particular expertness and preparation every bit good as the usage of specialist mental wellness squads are required for the appraisal, diagnosing and intervention of mental unwellness in the acquisition handicapped population. Although it is theoretically possible to develop staff in mainstream scenes, the little figure of instances gives small chance for staff in the assorted subjects to derive the necessary accomplishments. Additionally, mainstream mental wellness staff frequently feel that caring for this group of vulnerable people is non portion of their function, and the resources of big mental wellness services are already stretched ( Day, 1988 ) . The support deductions that arose from such a monolithic displacement in service duty that came out of the execution of the mainstreaming attack neer seem to hold been adequately addressed ( Bouras et al, 1995 ) Collaborative working between professional groups in health care is critical across the board for bettering criterions of attention for patients and their carers ( Pollard,2004 ) . In relation to this professional competitions between mental wellness and larning disablements squads are common and the apprehension of each other s function is hapless taking to chiefly uneffective collaborative working ( Bouras et al, 1995 ) There has besides been no evident or unequivocal dialogue between the two service squads in the UK to develop clear local operational policies or service understandings and merely obscure definitions of who is entitled to entree which service exist, which can sometimes take to a patient having inappropriate intervention, being bounced between services or, in rare instances, even being denied attention wholly as neither squad is willing to take duty for that patients attention. Distinguishing between psychiatric upsets and behavioral issues in people with larning disablements is non ever a straightforward procedure. Both empirical and conceptual issues associating to the nature of such behavioral upsets question both the cogency and dependability of a diagnosing of mental unwellness in a individual who has a learning disablement ( Krose et Al, 2000 ) This raises the inquiry what does a nurse dainty foremost? As with double diagnosing of a drug dependence and mental unwellness, in many instances the drug job needs to be tackled foremost before the full extent of the mental unwellness can be seen ( Drake,2007 ) .However, with a learning disablement this is non a possibility as a acquisition disablement is a long standing status that can non be treated. The inquiry is hence, is the behavior being exhibited by a patient due to their mental wellness jobs or the learning disablement? When a individual with a acquisition disablement requires admittance to hospital due to a psychiatric unwellness, the first aim is to hold on whether the general or learning disablement head-shrinker acts as the responsible clinician. The admittance of a individual with larning disablement frequently happens as a last resort in response to an exigency that can non be managed elsewhere such as in the community or via the usage or reprieve services. The community larning disablement squad should be able to offer some preparation to nursing staff or even transport out specific pieces of work straight with the patient. The allotment of a named nurse is highly of import and, if available, person with particular accomplishments or involvement should be appointed in order to develop a more effectual curative confederation with the patient. The increased exposure of people with larning disablements to mistreat even during admittance should be considered and protection from this possible hazard given. This may necessitate to be in the signifier of separation from high-risk patients or an increased degree of nursing observation such as is policy with under 18s admitted to adult acute psychiatric units. In all instances, the importance of coaction with the acquisition disablement squad should be stressed. This becomes peculiarly of import during discharge planning. In the scenario of an admittance under a Mental Health Section, people with learning disablement and mental wellness jobs are entitled to all the commissariats of the Care Programme Approach and Section 117 after-care. It is besides indispensable that mental wellness nurses have a good working cognition of mental wellness jurisprudence and statute law. Experiences from clinical pattern have demonstrated that frequently mental wellness statute law is misused or disregarded for people with co morbid acquisition disablements which denies them the precautions and protection of the jurisprudence that statute law such as the mental wellness act was designed to set in topographic point ( Mental Health Act, 1983 ) . The relevant statute law should be applied to this group of people if and when it is appropriate to make so and the same classs of detainment used as for other persons sing mental sick wellness. Although it is of import to observe that a individual with a learning disablement can still be sectioned if it is deemed they behave abnormally sharply or earnestly irresponsibly, without any marks of mental unwellness it is hence of import to find that that there be existent mental wellness jobs presen t if a individual is admitted under subdivision to a mainstream mental wellness infirmary. Assessment is a specific portion of the nursing procedure where mental wellness nurses can fight when covering with people with larning disablements For illustration, The Mental State Examination, which constitutes an indispensable constituent of the preparation procedure and is indispensable for measuring hazard and explicating a intervention program, may be debatable. This could be for a figure of grounds, including high rates of conformity or an avidity to delight in certain interview state of affairss ( Sigelman et al, 1982 ) . Moss argues that people with learning disablements are besides less likely to kick or near members of staff to inquire for aid which may farther perplex the Assessment and hazard direction procedure. ( Moss,1999 ) Simple linguistic communication and direct oppugning including communicating and in depth treatment with carers could be a manner to get the better of this trouble. Higher degrees of nursing observation may besides be utile, non merely in guarant ing a individual s safety on the ward but besides in giving critical information sing a individual s mental province ( Appleby,1999 ) ( Gibson, 2007 ) highlighted some cardinal factors that nurses without specialist preparation may happen complicate effectual appraisal and intercession The two chief factors that affect mental wellness nurses are: rational deformation, which may ensue from cognitive shortages in countries such as memory and concentration which can do comprehension and communicating of ideas and feelings hard ; and Cognitive decomposition, which can happen in state of affairss where the individual is overwhelmed by the anxiousness of the demands being placed on them, ensuing in an inability to soldierly ideas and bizarre behavior Communication is cardinal to doing a sound and accurate appraisal. It is estimated that upwards of 50 % of people with larning disablements have important communicating troubles ( Matson, 1998 ) A nurse demands to turn to the peculiar communicating demands of each person as each will change in their abilities, This is another point in which collaborative working becomes really of import as if the individual is involved with a acquisition disablements squad, that squad may be able to supply the nurse with accurate information about the degrees of a individual s communicating and how best to pull off these issues. Many of the jobs in relation to direction of people with larning disablement by mental wellness nurses relate to the deficiency of cognition accomplishments and preparation ( Lennox A ; Chaplin, 1995 ) . Evidence suggests that qualified nurses on a regular basis feel out of their deepness and unsupported when covering with this client group and observations in pattern indicate a certain sum of turning away tactics from mental wellness nurses when it comes to volunteering for the named nurse axial rotation which could be due to a deficiency of assurance in this country. The current pre-registration nurse instruction programme for mental wellness nurses was originally validated by the English National Board ( English National Board,2000 ) , and the course of study follows the Nursing and Midwifery Councils Fitness For Practice Guidelines ( United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting,1999 ) , which states that pupils set abouting pre-registration programmes must hold certain other fortes included. However, larning disablement, as either a practical or theoretical constituent of the subdivision programme, is non one of them. With authorities policy ( Department of Health, 2001 ) saying that people with larning disablements should wherever possible entree generic services, there would look to be the demand for a more specific and in-depth attack to larning disablement instruction for all pupils throughout their pre-registration instruction. Experiences from local preregistration nurse instruction show that presently nursing instruction provides a 12- month common foundation programme for nurses who intend to develop in all countries of nursing including Adult, Mental wellness, Midwifery, kid and learning disablement nursing. Although non required by the NM, Learning disablement theory is taught but arrangements in this country are non common. After common foundation period of preparation, pupil nurse instruction in mental wellness has little or no farther chances to derive learning disablement experience. Comparisons with larning disablements mental wellness can be made to both kid and adolescent mental wellness, every bit good as to older people s psychopathology in that they are both specialist groups with their ain issues and mental wellness nurses are expected to analyze these client groups in item during their subdivision preparation in order to go familiar with the complexnesss of this type of mental wellness nursing. As these countries are compulsory fortes in order to run into the demands of making as a mental wellness nurse ( English National Board, 2000 ) and, coupled with the authorities s policy for people with larning disablements to entree generic mental wellness services, it would look indispensable that mental wellness nurses address the forte of people who have larning disablements and extra mental wellness jobs during their pre-registration instruction as they do with other specific patient groups. Many senior mental wellness nurses have received no larning disablement preparation at all. This deficiency of preparation may ensue in jobs with communicating and apprehension, every bit good as negative attitudes toward people with learning disablement. On the impudent side, nurses in larning disablement have likewise limited preparation in the country of mental wellness, although there are freshly available post-registration classs. One such class gives an experient nurse from either ramify a six month endorsement to the other nursing subject which is backed up by 2 faculties of theory. Anecdotal grounds gained from talking to a mental wellness nurse who has late completed this class has shown that general nursing accomplishments that every nurse should be competent in upon making can be transferred across the board to other subdivisions of nursing. The feeling of this nurse is that presently, mental wellness mainstream services see merely those with mild or marginal learning disa blements coming into the service and the appraisal and intervention procedure for these people is non much different to that of non larning handicapped people. Currently specializer services provide the bulk of attention for the patients with more complex demands. ( Scior and Longo, 2005 ) In decision the grounds presented in this essay suggests a figure of issues that need to be addressed if mental wellness nurses are to run into the demands of their clients with a carbon monoxide morbid larning disablement efficaciously. There are: pre and Post enrollment preparation for mental wellness nurses, collaborative working between the mental wellness and larning disablement squads and proviso and entree to services. It seems that specializer larning disablement in-patient units with a mental wellness focal point offer a more positive experience for the patient than mainstream mental wellness units, and hence should be developed farther ( Scior and Longo, 2005 ) . However, realistically mainstream services are extremely likely to go on to supply attention for this group, if merely because of the resource restrictions in specializer services and the fact that 30 % of NHS trusts provide no specializer admittance installations ( Bailey A ; Cooper, 1997 ) . There seems a demand now for major alterations to be made to the constructions and daily patterns in these services. Such alterations should include enterprises to advance more positive attitudes and behavior towards persons with acquisition disablements through preparation and regular input from specializer larning disablements services. Closer attending must be paid to the demand to do information about diagnosing and interventions accessible, in media such as cusps utilizing simple linguistic communication pictures and audio information ( Forster et al, 2001 ) and the demand for stronger engagement of and co-operation with service users regular carers. Current pattern experience has shown nevertheless that in the most portion mental wellness services in this country merely seem to come into contact with patients who have a boundary line or mild learning disablement as there is a big supply of specializer beds. Currently merely in rare instances would mainstream mental wellness units be acknowledging a individual with terrible or profound acquisition disablements whereby little changes to pattern and movable nursing accomplishments would non be plenty to give that patient the best attention available. Referances Appleby L ( 1999 ) National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by Peoples with Mental Illness. Department of Health Bailey NM A ; Cooper SA ( 1997 ) The current proviso of specializer wellness services to people with larning disablements in England and Wales. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 41 52-9. Bouras, N. , Holt, G. A ; Gravestock, S. ( 1995 ) Community attention for people with larning disablements: shortages and future programs. Psychiatric bulletin, 19, 134-137. Day, K. ( 1988 ) Services for psychiatrically disordered mentally disabled grownups. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 14,19-25. Department of Health ( 2001 ) Valuing Peoples: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the twenty-first Century. The Stationery Office, London. Department of Health ( 1999 ) mental wellness: national service model, The Stationery Office, London. Department of Health ( 1992 ) Health Services for Peoples with Learning Disabilities ( Mental Handicap ) . HSG ( 92 ) 42. London: Department of Health. Disability Rights Commission ( 2006 ) Equal Treatment: Closing the Gap. Final Report of a Formal Investigation into Health Inequalities. DRC, London. Drake, R E, 2007. Double diagnosing of major mental unwellness and substance upset: An overview. New Directions for Mental Health Services, [ Online ] . 50, 3-12. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/yd.23319915003/abstract [ Accessed 20 November 2010 ] . English National Board ( ENB ) ( 2000 ) Education in Focus. Strengthening Pre-registration Nursing and Midwifery Education.Curriculum Guidence. Part 13 of the Professional Register. ENB, London. Forster M, Wilkie B, Strydom A, Edwards C A ; Hall I ( 2001 ) Medication Information Leaflets. London: Elfrida Press. Foundation for people with larning disablements, valuing people support squad and national institute for mental wellness in England ( 2004 ) Green visible radiation: how good are your mental wellness services for people with larning disablements? A service betterment toolkit, London: Foundation for people with larning disablements Fraser, B. ( 1999 ) Psychopharmacology and people with learning disablement. Progresss in Psychiatric Treatment, 5, 471-477. Fraser W. A ; Nolan M. ( 1995 ) Psychiatric upsets in mental deceleration. In: Mental Health in Mental Retardation ; Recent Advances and Practices ( ed Bouras, N. ) , pp. 79-92. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Gibson, T, 2007. Peoples with larning disablements in mental wellness scenes. Mental Health Practice, 12/7, 30-33. Hardy S, Chaplin E, Woodward P ( 2007 ) Mental Health Nursing of Adults with Learning Disabilities. Royal College of Nursing, London. Hardy S, Woodward P, Woolard P et Al ( 2006 ) Meeting the Health Needs of People with Learning Disabilities. Royal College of Nursing, London. Hassiotis A, Strydom A, Hall I et al ( 2008 ) Psychiatric morbidity and societal operation among grownups with marginal intelligence life in private families. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 52, 2, 95-1-6. Krose B. , Dewhurst D. A ; Holmes G. ( 2000 ) Diagnosis and drugs: aid or hindrance when people with larning disablements have psychological jobs? British Journal of Learning Disabilities 29, 26-33. Lennox, N. A ; Chaplin, R. H. ( 1995 ) . Intellectual disablement: the positions of psychiatric trainees. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 29, 632-637. Matson, JL. and Bamburg, J. dependability of the appraisal of double diagnosing ( ADD ) , research in developmental disablements 20,89-95 Mencap ( 2007 ) Death by Indifference. Mencap, London. Moss S. ( 1999 ) Appraisal of mental wellness jobs. Tizard Learning Disability Review 42, 14-19. Government of England ( 1983 ) The Mental Health Act. Stationary Office, London. Nirje, B. ( 1976 ) The standardization rule and its human direction deductions. In Normalisation, Social Integration and Community Services ( eds R. J. Flynn A ; K. E. Nitsch ) . Baltimore, MD: University Park Press. Pollard, KC, 2004. Collaborative acquisition for collaborative working? Initial findings from a longitudinal survey of wellness and societal attention pupils. Health A ; Social Care in the Community, 12,4, 346-

Popular Food - Mandarin Chinese Vocabulary

Popular Food - Mandarin Chinese Vocabulary Chinese food is one of the most popular types of cuisine worldwide. Its no wonder! Chinese food is tasty, healthy, and the wide variety means theres something for every taste. As with many cultural exports, the names of some Chinese dishes have changed by the time they arrived in other countries. So if you visit China or Taiwan, you may find that the names of dishes are unfamiliar. List of Popular Chinese Food Names If you visit a Mandarin-speaking country, this list of popular Chinese food dishes will help when it comes time to ordering food. The items have been roughly arranged by type of food. Click on the links in the Pinyin column to hear the audio. English Pinyin Characters boiled dumplings shu jio sticky buns mn tou steamed stuffed bun bo zi fried noodles cho min plain noodles yng chn min fried rice noodles cho m fn steamed white rice bi fn sushi shu s vegetarian platter s sh jn white radish patty lubo go spicy tofu m p dufu beef and rice niru fn egg omelet dn bng chicken leg and rice j tu fn Peking duck bi jing koy pork chop and rice pig fn fish cooked in soy sauce hng sho y fried rice with shrimp xi rn cho fn crab png xi egg and vegetable soup dnhutng seaweed soup z ci tng hot and sour soup sun l tng

German Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

German - Essay Example France recorded its objection to the relative of King of Prussia, Wilhelm I becoming the King of Spain. Bismarck’s plans to make the French humiliated worked well and to avenge the insult France declared war. Majority of the countries supported Bismarck and dubbed Napoleon III as the aggressor. This war united the German States for a common cause to defeat France. The Germans had the advantage of infrastructure. Mentioning about the industrial mite of Germany Geoffrey Wawro writes, â€Å"France gaped in astonishment. Almost overnight, a rather small and manageable neighbor had become an industrial and military colossus.†(17) They had developed an efficient railway system, felicitating quick transport of men and material and an efficient telegraph system for communications. On August 4, the Prussian army entered the French territory, and in the next four weeks they had won the war. The day was 1st September when Germans Captured Napoleon III and 100,000 of French troops. Soon the siege of Paris commenced. The war came to end with the signing of armistice with Germany on January 28, 1871 and finally the Treaty of Frankfurt in the month of May, the same year. The economic unification of Germany was followed by political unification. France lost both on political and economic fronts. They had to concede a large chunk of their territory Alsace and Lorraine to Germany besides $1,000,000,000 as indemnity payable within three

Philosophy Cultural Relativism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosophy Cultural Relativism - Essay Example The technological boom, having emerged to satisfy the society's thirst for innovativeness and easier life, deprived the society of its basic functions - live communication, connection with the reality, building relationships; product variety deprived the planet of huge amount of its resources, destroyed natural habitats and left the poor countries unable to meet their basic needs; the U.S. economy actually lost from the consumerism behavior, because as people were becoming "shopaholics" they started to take more and more bank credits as they could not satisfy their previous loans, thus living a life "on credit"; personal happiness became a transitory state of mind. The creation of cell phones, computers, mp3-players, I-pods, the Internet, TV - all of those items changed the lives of our predecessors so much that they lost their sense of reality. The human himself lost his ability to communicate freely and build real social relationships. One started to prefer cell phone calls, virtual chats, I-net calls as they were more convenient. He did not need to travel to meet the person he wanted to talk with. He did not need to sacrifice the cosiness of his own home or office.

Study Guided Essay Example for Free

Study Guided Essay List and explain the five basic functions common to national governments throughout the world. The five basic functions common to national governments throughout the world are to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty. Providing justice means to ensure fairness to all people, insuring domestic tranquility to keep peace, provide for the common defense meaning provide an army to defend against attack, promoting the general welfare meaning to ensure health and needed things, and securing the blessings of liberty meaning to keep all rights of the people secure. 2. Define government and define politics. Government is the system by which a nation, state or community is controlled under. Politics is the activities associated with the government of a country or area. List and explain four common challenges to democracy. One of the four common challenges to democracy is the fact that representatives elected by the people may not really be the most capable for forming a government; not all people know what the best way of government is or who is most capable of running it. Another is the fact that the people elected to govern may compromise the interest of the public to serve their own interests. Another of the four common challenges to democracy is the size of a democratic government; it is often very large, which can lead to conflict and gridlock. Finally, since a government is dependent on the votes of the people, the members may simply take short-term actions that will help them get elected, rather than actions which will help the nation for the long run. 4. How is public policy determined and implemented? [pic] a. How does a person’s problem become a policy issue? b. List the four linkage institutions and identify how each one connects the policy issue with policymaking institutions. c. List the four Policy Making (PM) institutions. Explain each, as well as their collective role in the PM System. This electoral plan was democratic, but not at all completely democratic. It was democratic in such a way that the people have a say in who becomes president and get to vote on it. It was not completely democratic, however, because of the fact that they were not directly voting on candidates and because technically, their votes meant nothing in the case of a faithless elector. 8. What has since changed? How? The electoral college still elects the president every four years, but it no longer has all of the say in who becomes president like it used to. 9. Who determined the eligibility for voting in federal elections? At the time of the Constitution’s ratification, who was eligible to vote? The Federal Elections Commission determined the eligibility for voting in federal elections. At the time of the Constitution’s ratification, only white males who owned land were eligible to vote in these federal elections. 10. Identify the influences of John Locke on the founding fathers and analyze how his social contract influenced our founding documents. Be sure to identify the terms â€Å"social contract†, â€Å"natural rights†, â€Å"consent of the governed† and â€Å"popular sovereignty†. John Locke had a profound influence on political philosophy; especially on modern liberalism. He argued supporting the social contract, an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social beliefs.

Dead Men Do Tell Tales Essay -- William R. Maples Forensic Anthropolog

Dead Men Do Tell Tales In the book, Dead Men Do Tell Tales, by William R. Maples, Ph.D. and Michael Browning, a story is told in how the dead, no matter how dead, still â€Å"talk† to us. The book is appropriately titled because, according to Dr. Maples, truth is discoverable, truth wants to be discovered (2). Dr. Maples tells us of what it is like to be a Forensic Anthropologist. Dr. Maples does not hold anything back in any of his descriptions, from the smell of corpses to the explanations of maggots. Dead Men Do Tell Tales is a complete engrossing journey into the world of Forensic Anthropology and the science of bones. The book is well organized and easy to follow. The story is not from some published medical work containing lengthy medical terminology. The book is best described as the story of Dr. Maples career and interesting encounters it entailed. The book is a total of 292 pages. The book is organized into 16 chapters, each appropriately titled for the subject and stories that it contains. One could only wish that all story tellers could be as good as Dr. Maples. The first chapter, â€Å"Every Day Is Halloween†, gives a preview of the book and talks about the nightmares that he seldom has. â€Å"They are usually flitting images of the everyday things I see on the job: crushed and perforated skulls, lopped-off limbs and severed heads, roasted and dissolving corpses, hanks of human hair and heaps of white bones – all in a day’s work at my office† (1). In this part of the book, we learn of Dr. Maples' life and how it came to include the fascinating world of anthropology. It is in this chapter that Dr. Maples proves his credibility that he knows what he is talking about. He tells of his upbringing with strict moral val... ...anything. I think that the book is so fasinating cause he doesn’t try to put a rated â€Å"R† subject into a â€Å"PG-13† book, after all we live in a rated â€Å"R† world, whether we like it or not. He helps to illustrate his world in all different varieties, I believe that is why the chapters were broken down the way there were. Dr. Maples includes so many fascinating experiences and resolutions to his investigations that even I was able to stay interested to the last page. The class helped out a lot in reading this book because I was able to easily follow his explanations of the skeleton, from differences between male and female skeletons, the different bones that were being talked about, the dental records, and a lot about the skull, like skull features, cranial sutures, and orbital features. I only wish all school books assigned could be as interesting as this one.

Jeepney Racing

Most of the rules are chosen to reflect what the real-world consequences would be of each player action and decision. Abstract games cannot be completely divided from simulations and so games can be thought of as existing on a continuum of almost pure abstraction to almost pure simulation. [1] Technologies such as smart phones have always been a great entertainment and past time to man. In the beginning, cellular phones are used for communication such as making calls and messaging capabilities. As the time goes by, the innovation of cell phones added more PDA-like features and even computer like.The result was the smart phone. Mobile applications are becoming popular when it comes to features. There are many people who are into gaming on their mobile phones, because it is more portable than Personal Computers and Laptops. Mobile Applications now exist in smart phones. [2] There are lots of games genres available now in the market, and one of them is a strategy simulation game. It att empts to copy activities from real world in the form of a game for some purposes like tutorial, exercise, training, analysis or prediction.Jeep Racing is a Strategy simulation game that can be played in single or multi- player game. We will use some Metro manila landmarks for the background of the game. It will load and unload passengers in order to gain points but the player should follow the traffic rules and regulation. It will cause a deduction to the points if he commits any traffic violation. In multi-player game, the first player to finish the goal wins. Project Description According to the article of Nellie entitled Jeep: Blessing or Curse?He stated that jeep nowadays instead of being the blessing that it had been in the past 60 years, has become an archaic relic of the past, an invention that had its day, and should be encased in a museum of Philippine history. Due to lack of discipline and knowledge f and obedience to traffic rules and regulations and signs, it is the main cause of the horrible Metro Manila traffic. [4] The project introduces a game about how being discipline drivers and passengers would help each and every one of us.The player should follow all the Traffic Rules or else he/she will have a violation and deduction from his points. The player should also follow the maximum capacity of passenger. There will be a specific Jeep bay for loading and unloading of the passengers. Project Objectives: General objective To develop a strategy simulation game, multi-player and single-player for android hat foresees the possible effect of traffic when not following rules and regulation and at the same time inform the players the current traffic situation here in metro manila.Specific objective To provide information to the players about importance and meaning of traffic road signs by showing banners periodically. To inform the drivers and passenger on what are the possible effect of traffic in different situations. Target Audience The project's tar get audience will be the passengers of the Jeep and those people who owned a public and private vehicle. Our target audience will be people king 17 and above. The group decided with the age of 17 and above, because these are the people who usually use Jeep as their transportation in school, works and etc.In these ages, the group can provide the importance and meaning of traffic road. Significance of the Study Due to traffic problems in the Philippines that becoming worst everyday especially when it's rush hour, the group have decided to develop a game wherein the users would be able to identify some of the causes of traffic. The users would be able to realize how important being a discipline Filipino and how one Filipino can change meeting really big in his/her small action such as being a good follower to the traffic rules, regulations and signs.Jeep Racing was mainly created to provide information for drivers and passengers about the traffic rules and regulation. Users of this gam e will not only have fun playing but also be knowledgeable what to do in different situations when they are in the road. Scope and Limitations The game will be developed on an Android platform using Construct 2 on 2- Dimensional graphics. The game will be made to give information to the players especially to the passengers and drivers about the traffic rules and regulation.It can be played in a single player and multilayer game mode. In single player mode, the goal of the player is to get as many scores as he can by loading and unloading passenger without committing Accidents or Traffic violations. Multi-player mode will be played on two different devices, View shared and Wi-If Operational. There will be a time limit for the multi-player mode wherein each player must acquire scores by loading and unloading passengers. Committing any violations or accidents will deduct from there points.The maximum capacity of the passenger is 16 and the maximum violation is 3. The traffic rules and regulations included in our game can be seen in the appendix section. Minimum System Requirements: Processor 1 GHz Single Core Memory IAMB RAM Display size 3. 0 inches Resolution 280 Device Type Smart phone Operating System Jelly Bean Android Touchstones Capacitive, Multi-touch Conceptual Framework Review of Related Literature All the related information and games in an android platform will be discussed in this chapter.The information that the group will gather from these different games, will help us analyze each development of these games and apply it to our project. Three perspectives on strategy game design – Sorer Johnson, Brad Mir and Keith Burn are three different experts shared their knowledge about the significance in the design of strategy games, from transparency to decision-making and creating player investment and attachment. For Sorer Johnson, players of a strategy games should choose precisely and throw away their unexpected and random events, and various outc omes and breadth winning conditions.Even though there are a lot of outcomes players have, what important the most is what's on the player's mind, that they truly understand the rules and can able to think them clearly and that they agonize all their inputs and outcomes. Keith Burn was best known for phone rocklike 100 Rogues. For him, the main producer of value in strategy games is interesting decisions. His goal is to provide value quickly to players. He said that if players gave their time make sure that they won't regret spending it playing your game or they should be completely rewarded.Brad Mir wants to create a high degree of character attachment with the help of mechanics in Massive Chalice, because he was influenced by strategy games that include elements of character progression. He wanted to reduce problems to its simple essentials with 100 Rogues, but he doesn't know how to start doing it. What he did is that he started with a rocklike genre and then added tactics to the genre's kit design. He said that you can't Just add interesting decisions to a system; interesting decisions are a property of a really strong-built system.Players can be attached to the players that they're playing in strategy games and make personal stories with them. Losing their characters is a meaningful risk for them. [5] Related games Shopping Street This is a strategy game in which you will build your own mall. Every store has a capacity of customers who can shop. You can upgrade your store so many customers can shop at the same time. A customer who wants to shop in that store should wait. Relation of this game to our game is that there are also numbers of people who can enter a store. 6] Crazy Traffic Jam – This strategy simulation game comes with 3 levels of difficulty; you need to handle the traffic without committing any collisions. [7] Racing Motto This strategy game is a fast paced racing game. You never dare drive so fast in the real world. Control your Motto w ith incredible fast speed during traffic rush time! [8] Our game has the same view with this game which is the bird's eye view. We adopted the road of this game to our project.In order to win the highest score in this game, you have to achieve the longest distance without committing any accidents. In our game, you have to achieve the longest distance so you can gain points without violating any traffic rules and regulation. Temple Run This strategy game is fast paced racing games wherein you need to drive as fast as possible without committing accidents. [9] In this game you have to survive all the challenges that have been waiting for you in order to have a high score.The longer he distance that you run, the more points you gain. If the player fails to survive all the challenges, the demonic monkeys will eat him. It has the same view when the player swipe to the left or right. In our game, if the player taps the left or right button, the street or the background will change Just li ke how background of the temple run changes. Racing Cars ID A strategy racing game that will test your driving skills in difficult levels. In this game, players need to collect coins to upgrade their cars.The player should also avoid obstacles and other cars. When the player hits his car with other and wasn't able to void the obstacles, his health will be deducted. Just like in our game, if the player committed a violation, he will gain 1 x. When the player got 3 x, the game is over. In this game, the player needs to keep his car undamaged in a given time to win the game. Bench mark Description Jeep Racing Shopping Streets Sprites Jeepers, Cars, Passengers, Traffic Rules and Regulations Customers, Shops, Motor, Cars Cars Characters, Rope, Coins.Monkey Controls Tap, Swipe Tap -rap, Tilt Swipe Tap , tilt Scoring Achieve the farthest distance, load and unload the passengers on the proper loading ND unloading area Attract customers by building malls Get the farthest distance Number of C ars Successfully crossed the intersection Drive as fast as possible and get the farthest distance Acceleration Tapping the accelerator button. Holding the screen. Capacity Passengers Customers Game Mode Single Player, 2 Player Single Player Methodology This chapter tackles about how the application works.It contains game story, game play, game rationality and game assembly. Game story discusses the story from start to end of the game including the plot of the story. It contains different figures hat represent the flow of the application, visualized corrections of the game and its architecture. Gamely tackles about how the game will be played. Basically, gamely holds the actions that can be done by the player in the game to reach the objective of the game. Game rationality deals about the logic of the game which is how the game flows from the point where the application is started.Game assembly tackles about the requirements of the application and how the game responds to the user in puts. Gamely and Mechanics In single player mode, the player must acquire as many score as possible by adding and unloading passengers on the right bay without committing any violations and accidents will cause deduction on points and game over. In multi-player mode, the 2 players will play on different devices. The players will acquire points by loading and unloading passengers on a given time limit. The higher score will win the game.Pointing System Points Speed of the Jeep 1 pit per kip Loading passenger 100 points Unloading passenger Deduction Violations Unload passenger on the wrong bay. Accident/collision Game over. Software Methodology Planning phase It is the start of program development. In this phase, the group compiled and analyzed the research in related games and used the gathered information to be applied in the testing phase. The group checked for forums related to our game and listed things that we should avoid applying to our application.Analysis phase The group res earched about related game reviews. The game reviews will help the group determine significant features that can be included in the game and that will make the game better than any other. Design phase The group will focus our graphics and interface to what our target users want. The group will follow the game flow that the group has created. In the game, the group will give some trivia related to it and used Philippine based characters and plots. The group will also use Photos for the images and backgrounds.The group will code all the designs generated from the proponents of the game flow which must be followed sequentially. Implementation After our game has undergone series of tests and code refinements, we will now deploy the software into the Android smartened and tablet. We are going to upload the game on Google Play Store for primary resource. Users may download the game through the website and port it in their own gadget. Verifications will be performed o the testers to make s ure that the said features are working.Testing phase It is the part the group will initiate the beta testing where the group will play the game and test all the possible commands and inputs at the game. Any detected bugs or errors will be immediately fixed or use an error handling. Evaluation phase The group will start to initiate the alpha testing. It is where the group will release the created game to a select group of people and the players of the game will be given an evaluation form in a format of user acceptance test questionnaires. This will determine if the game will need some changes.

Antiphishing

Name: B. sreevidya Rno: 08491D5804 FINDIND & STOPING OF PHISHING ATTACKS THROUGH ONLINE ABSTRACT: Phishing is a new type of network attack where the attacker creates accurate copy of an existing web page to fool users ex submitting personal, financial, or password data to what they think is their service provider’s website. The concept is an anti-phishing algorithm, called the Link Guard, by utilizing the generic characteristics of the hyperlinks in phishing attacks. The link Guard algorithm is the concept for finding the phishing emails sent by the phisher to grasp the information of the end user.Link Guard is based on the careful analysis of the characteristics of phishing hyperlinks. Each end user is implemented with Link Guard algorithm. Existing System: 1) Detect and block the phishing Web sites in time: If we can detect the phishing Web sites in time, we then can block the sites and prevent phishing attacks. But it's difficult to find those phishing sites out in time . There are two methods for phishing site detection. a) The Web master of a legal Web site periodically scans the root DNS for suspicious sites. ) Since the phisher must duplicate the content of the target site, he must use tools to (automatically) download the Web pages from the target site. It is therefore possible to detect this kind of download at the Web server and trace back to the phisher. Drawbacks:-Many phishing attacks simply do not require a DNS name. For phishing download detection, clever phishers may easily write tools 2) Enhance the security of the web sites: The business Websites such as the Web sites of banks can take new methods to guarantee the security of users' personal information.There two method to enhance the security a) Using hardware devices: For example, a hand-held card reader b)Biometrics characteristic: e. g. voice, fingerprint, iris, etc. Drawbacks:-All these techniques need additional hardware and also will increase the cost. Therefore, it still need s time for these techniques to be widely adopted. Block the phishing e-mails by various spam filters: The phishers hide their identities when sending the spoofed e-mails, therefore, if anti-spam systems can determine whether an e-mail is sent by the announced sender the phishing attacks will be decreased dramatically.The techniques that preventing senders from counterfeiting their Send ID (e. g. SIDF of Microsoft) can defeat phishing attacks efficiently. SIDF is a combination of Microsoft's Caller ID for E-mail and the SPF (Sender Policy Framework). Both Caller ID and SPF check e-mail sender's domain name to verify if the e-mail is sent from a server that is authorized to send e-mails of that domain and from that to determine whether that e-mail use spoofed e-mail address. If it's faked, the Internet service provider can then determine that e-mail is a spam e-mail.The spoofed e-mails used by phishers are one type of spam e-mails. the spam filters can also be used to filter those phi shing e-mails. Spam filters are designed for general spam e-mails and may not very suitable for filtering phishing e-mails since they generally do not consider the specific characteristics of phishing attacks. 4) Install online anti-phishing software in user’s computers: Despite all the above efforts, it is still possible for the users to visit the spoofed Web sites. As a last defense, users can install anti-phishing tools in their computers.The anti-phishing tools in use today can be divided into two categories: blacklist/white list based and rule-based. a) When a user visits a Web site, the antiphishing tool searches the address of that site in a blacklist stored in the database. If the visited site is on the list, the anti-phishing tool then warns the users . They cannot prevent the attacks from the newly emerged (unknown) phishing sites. b) Uses certain rules in their software, and checks the security of a Web site according to these rules.Examples Spoof Guard and Trust W atch provide a toolbar in the browsers all the above defense methods are useful and complementary to each other, but none of them are perfect at the current stage. PROPOSED SYSTEM A. Classification of the hyperlinks in the phishing e-mails The hyperlinks used in the phishing e-mail into the following categories: 1) The hyperlink provides DNS domain names in the anchor text, but the destination DNS name in the visible link doesn't match that in the actual link. For instance, the following hyperlink: <a href= â€Å"http://www. profusenet. et/checksession. php†>https://secure. regionset. com/EBanking/logon/ </a> appears to be linked to secure. regionset. com, which is the portal of a bank, but it actually is linked to a phishing site www. profusenet. net. 2) Dotted decimal IP address is used directly in the URI or the anchor text instead of DNS name. For example. <a href= â€Å"http://61. 129. 33. 105/secured-site/www. skyfi. Com/ index. html? MfclSAPICommand=Sig nInFPP&UsingSSL= 1†³> SIGN IN </a> 3) The hyperlink is counterfeited maliciously by using certain encoding schemes.There are two cases: a) The link is formed by encoding alphabets into their corresponding ASCII codes. See below for such a hyperlink. <a href=†http://034%02E%0333%34%2E%311%39%355%2E%o340o31:%34%39%30%33/%6C/%69%6E%64%65%78%2E%68%74%6D†> www. citibank. com </a> While this link is seemed pointed www. citibank. com, it actually points to http://4. 34. 195. 41:34/l/index. htm. b) Special characters (e. g. (in the visible link) are used to fool the user to believe that the e-mail is from a trusted sender.For instance, the following link seems is linked to amazons, but it actually is linked to IP address 69. 10. 142. 34. http://www. amazon. com:[email  protected] 10. 142. 34. 4) The hyperlink does not provide destination information in its anchor text and uses DNS names in its URI. The DNS name in the URI usually is similar with a famous company or organization. For instance, the following link seems to be sent from PayPal, but it actually is not. Since paypal-cgi is actually registered by the phisher to let the users believe that it has something to do with paypal <a href= â€Å"http://www. aypal-cgi. us/webscr. php? Cmd=Login†> Click here to confirm your account </a> 5) The attackers utilize the vulnerabilities of the target Web site to redirect users to their phishing sites or to launch CSS (cross site scripting) attacks. For example, the following link <a href=†http://usa. visa. com/track/dyredirjsp? rDirl=http://200. 251. 251. 10/. verified/†> Click here <a> Once clicked, will redirect the user to the phishing site 200. 251. 251. 10 due to a vulnerability of usa. visa. com. B. LINK GUARD ALGORITHM:LinkGuard works by analyzing the differences between the visual link and the actual link. It also calculates the similarities of a URI with a known trusted site C. LI NK GUARD IMPLEMENTED CLIENT: It includes two parts: a whook. dll dynamic library and a LinkGuard executive. Whook is a dynamic link library; it is dynamically loaded into the address spaces of the executing processes by the operating system. Whook is responsible for collecting data, such as the called links and visual links, the user input URLs. LinkGuard is the key component of the implementation.It’s composed of 5 parts Comm: This collects the information of the input process, and sends these related information’s to the Analyzer. Database: Store the white list, blacklist, and the user input URLs. Analyzer: It is the key component of Link Guard, which implements the Link Guard algorithm; it uses data provided by Comm and Database, and sends the results to the Alert and Logger modules. Alerter: When receiving a warning message from Analyzer, it shows the related information to alert the users and send back the reactions of the user back to the Analyzer.Logger: Archive the history information, such as user events, alert information, for future use. Software And Hardware Specification HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS * Hard disk:20 GB and above * RAM:256 MB and above * Processor speed: 1. 6 GHz and above SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS * Operating System: Windows 2000/XP * Documentation Tool:Ms word 2000 * Technology used : jsp,servlets,Apache Tomact 5. 5 * Database : Oracle XE